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  2. Blood pressure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_pressure

    Blood pressure ( BP) is the pressure of circulating blood against the walls of blood vessels. Most of this pressure results from the heart pumping blood through the circulatory system. When used without qualification, the term "blood pressure" refers to the pressure in a brachial artery, where it is most commonly measured.

  3. History of hypertension - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_hypertension

    The English clergyman Stephen Hales made the first published measurement of blood pressure in 1733. [ 1][ 2] Descriptions of what would come to be called hypertension came from, among others, Thomas Young in 1808 and especially Richard Bright in 1836. [ 1] Bright noted a link between cardiac hypertrophy and kidney disease, and subsequently ...

  4. Blood pressure measurement - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_pressure_measurement

    Blood pressure measurement. A medical student checking blood pressure using a sphygmomanometer and stethoscope. Arterial blood pressure is most commonly measured via a sphygmomanometer, which historically used the height of a column of mercury to reflect the circulating pressure. [ 1] Blood pressure values are generally reported in millimetres ...

  5. Hypertension - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertension

    e. Hypertension, also known as high blood pressure, is a long-term medical condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is persistently elevated. [ 11] High blood pressure usually does not cause symptoms itself. [ 1] It is, however, a major risk factor for stroke, coronary artery disease, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, peripheral ...

  6. Pathophysiology of hypertension - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pathophysiology_of...

    The pathophysiology of hypertension is an area which attempts to explain mechanistically the causes of hypertension, which is a chronic disease characterized by elevation of blood pressure. Hypertension can be classified by cause as either essential (also known as primary or idiopathic) or secondary. About 90–95% of hypertension is essential ...

  7. Hypotension - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypotension

    Hypotension, also known as low blood pressure, is a cardiovascular condition characterized by abnormally reduced blood pressure. [1] Blood pressure is the force of blood pushing against the walls of the arteries as the heart pumps out blood [2] and is indicated by two numbers, the systolic blood pressure (the top number) and the diastolic blood pressure (the bottom number), which are the ...

  8. Ambulatory blood pressure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambulatory_blood_pressure

    Ambulatory blood pressure, as opposed to office blood pressure, is the blood pressure over the course of the full 24-hour sleep-wake cycle. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring ( ABPM) measures blood pressure at regular intervals throughout the day and night. It avoids the white coat hypertension effect in which a patient's blood pressure is ...

  9. Right atrial pressure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Right_atrial_pressure

    Right atrial pressure. Right atrial pressure (RAP) is the blood pressure in the right atrium of the heart. RAP reflects the amount of blood returning to the heart and the ability of the heart to pump the blood into the arterial system. RAP is often nearly identical to central venous pressure (CVP), [ 1] although the two terms are not identical ...

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