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The testing effect (also known as retrieval practice, active recall, practice testing, or test-enhanced learning) [1] [2] [3] suggests long-term memory is increased when part of the learning period is devoted to retrieving information from memory. [4] It is different from the more general practice effect, defined in the APA Dictionary of ...
The forward testing effect, also known as test potentiated new learning, is a psychological learning theory which suggests that testing old information can improve learning of new information. [1] Unlike traditional learning theories in educational psychology which have established the positive effect testing has when later attempting to ...
A statistical hypothesis test is a method of statistical inference used to decide whether the data sufficiently support a particular hypothesis. A statistical hypothesis test typically involves a calculation of a test statistic. Then a decision is made, either by comparing the test statistic to a critical value or equivalently by evaluating a p ...
20th-century rise in intelligence test scores. The Flynn effectis the substantial and long-sustained increase in both fluid and crystallized intelligencetest scores that were measured in many parts of the world over the 20th century, named after researcher James Flynn(1934–2020). [1][2]When intelligence quotient(IQ) tests are initially ...
Stroop effect. Naming the displayed color of a printed word is an easier and quicker task if the word matches the color (top) than if it does not (bottom). In psychology, the Stroop effect is the delay in reaction time between congruent and incongruent stimuli. The effect has been used to create a psychological test (the Stroop test) that is ...
In statistical hypothesis testing,[1][2]a result has statistical significancewhen a result at least as "extreme" would be very infrequent if the null hypothesiswere true.[3] More precisely, a study's defined significance level, denoted by α{\displaystyle \alpha }, is the probability of the study rejecting the null hypothesis, given that the ...
Negativity bias or Negativity effect Psychological phenomenon by which humans have a greater recall of unpleasant memories compared with positive memories. (see also actor-observer bias, group attribution error, positivity effect, and negativity effect). Next-in-line effect
The Barnum effect, also called the Forer effect or, less commonly, the Barnum–Forer effect, is a common psychological phenomenon whereby individuals give high accuracy ratings to descriptions of their personality that supposedly are tailored specifically to them, yet which are in fact vague and general enough to apply to a wide range of ...