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In some materials, for example, in graphene and zigzag graphene quantum dot, there exists the energy states having energy eigenvalues exactly equal to zero (E=0) besides the conduction and valence bands. These states are called edge states which modifies the electronic and optical properties of the materials significantly. [3] [4] [5] [6]
Electronic properties of graphene. Sigma and pi bonds in graphene. Sigma bonds result from an overlap of sp 2 hybrid orbitals, whereas pi bonds emerge from tunneling between the protruding p z orbitals. For clarity, only one p z orbital is shown with its three nearest neighbors. Graphene is a semimetal whose conduction and valence bands meet at ...
Band-gap model (blue dotted line), the Urbach-tail extension (red dotted line), and the band-gap model with Urbach tail (black solid line). In the solid-state physics of semiconductors, the Urbach tail is an exponential part in the energy spectrum of the absorption coefficient. This tail appears near the optical band edge in amorphous ...
NOON state. In quantum optics, a NOON state or N00N state is a quantum-mechanical many-body entangled state : which represents a superposition of N particles in mode a with zero particles in mode b, and vice versa. Usually, the particles are photons, but in principle any bosonic field can support NOON states.
Pusey–Barrett–Rudolph theorem. The Pusey–Barrett–Rudolph ( PBR) theorem [1] is a no-go theorem in quantum foundations due to Matthew Pusey, Jonathan Barrett, and Terry Rudolph (for whom the theorem is named) in 2012. It has particular significance for how one may interpret the nature of the quantum state . With respect to certain ...
In condensed matter physics, the resonating valence bond theory ( RVB) is a theoretical model that attempts to describe high-temperature superconductivity, and in particular the superconductivity in cuprate compounds. It was first proposed by an American physicist P. W. Anderson and Indian theoretical physicist Ganapathy Baskaran in 1987.
Nature Reviews Materials is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Nature Portfolio. It was established in 2016. [1] The journal covers all topics within materials science. It presents reviews and perspectives, which are commissioned by the editorial team. The editor-in-chief is Giulia Pacchioni. [2]
The planet is about 10% larger than Jupiter, but much hotter because it is 13 times closer to its star than Mercury is to our sun. HD 189733b only takes about two Earth days to complete a single ...