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Sleep apnea (sleep apnoea or sleep apnœa in British English) is a sleep-related breathing disorder in which repetitive pauses in breathing, periods of shallow breathing, or collapse of the upper airway during sleep results in poor ventilation and sleep disruption.
The conditions of hypoxia and hypercapnia, whether caused by apnea or not, trigger additional effects on the body.The immediate effects of central sleep apnea on the body depend on how long the failure to breathe endures, how short is the interval between failures to breathe, and the presence or absence of independent conditions whose effects amplify those of an apneic episode.
Central hypoventilation syndrome (CHS) is a sleep-related breathing disorder that causes ineffective breathing, apnea, or respiratory arrest during sleep (and during wakefulness in severe cases). CHS can either be congenital (CCHS) or acquired (ACHS) later in life.
Sleep apnea is a common sleep disorder that affects more than 20 percent of people in the United States. It happens when your breathing temporarily stops while you sleep. Depending on the severity ...
A little over 50% of all people with Down syndrome experience obstructive sleep apnea, [33] and some physicians advocate routine testing of this group. [34] In other craniofacial syndromes, the abnormal feature may actually improve the airway, but its correction may put the person at risk for obstructive sleep apnea after surgery when it is ...
Roughly 15-50% of people who are regularly seen by a cardiologist are seen in regard to dyspnea symptoms, [9] while just under 60% of people regularly see a pneumonologist in regard to their dyspnea. [9] Additionally, there have been epidemiological studies performed on central sleep apnea in heart failure.
Respiratory arrest is a serious medical condition caused by apnea or respiratory dysfunction severe enough that it will not sustain the body (such as agonal breathing). Prolonged apnea refers to a patient who has stopped breathing for a long period of time. If the heart muscle contraction is intact, the condition is known as respiratory arrest.
Sleep apnea is measured by the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI). An AHI is determined with a sleep study. AHI values for adults are categorized as: [2] [3] Normal: AHI<5; Mild sleep apnea: 5≤AHI<15; Moderate sleep apnea: 15≤AHI<30; Severe sleep apnea: AHI≥30; An episode is when a person hesitates to breathe or stops their breathing altogether.