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The interactions between marine mammals and sonar have been a subject of debate since the invention of the technology. Active sonar, the transmission equipment used on some ships to assist with submarine detection, is detrimental to the health and livelihood of some marine animals. [ 1] Research has recently shown that beaked and blue whales ...
Auditory illusion. Auditory illusions are illusions of real sound or outside stimulus. [ 1] These false perceptions are the equivalent of an optical illusion: the listener hears either sounds which are not present in the stimulus, or sounds that should not be possible given the circumstance on how they were created. [ 2]
Marine plastic pollution is a type of marine pollution by plastics, ranging in size from large original material such as bottles and bags, down to microplastics formed from the fragmentation of plastic material. Marine debris is mainly discarded human rubbish which floats on, or is suspended in the ocean.
Damage is cumulative over one's lifetime, so that permanent effects may not be evident for some time after exposure. [19] Ultraviolet radiation of wavelengths shorter than 300 nm (actinic rays) can damage the corneal epithelium. This is most commonly the result of exposure to the sun at high altitude, and in areas where shorter wavelengths are ...
Hearing, vibration, and the lateral line. Hearing is an important sensory system for most species of fish. For example, in the family Batrachoididae, males use their swim bladders to make advertisement calls which females use to localize males. Hearing threshold and the ability to localize sound sources are reduced underwater, in which the ...
A noise barrier (also called a soundwall, noise wall, sound berm, sound barrier, or acoustical barrier) is an exterior structure designed to protect inhabitants of sensitive land use areas from noise pollution. Noise barriers are the most effective method of mitigating roadway, railway, and industrial noise sources – other than cessation of ...
The World Health Organisation has issued noise guidelines for Europe, but they apply to everyone.
Elevated workplace or environmental noise can cause hearing impairment, tinnitus, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, annoyance, and sleep disturbance. [ 3][ 4] Changes in the immune system and birth defects have been also attributed to noise exposure. [ 5] Although age-related health effects ( presbycusis) occur naturally with age, [ 6] in ...