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Hearing, vibration, and the lateral line. Hearing is an important sensory system for most species of fish. For example, in the family Batrachoididae, males use their swim bladders to make advertisement calls which females use to localize males. Hearing threshold and the ability to localize sound sources are reduced underwater, in which the ...
Underwater acoustics (also known as hydroacoustics) is the study of the propagation of sound in water and the interaction of the mechanical waves that constitute sound with the water, its contents and its boundaries. The water may be in the ocean, a lake, a river or a tank. Typical frequencies associated with underwater acoustics are between 10 ...
The interactions between marine mammals and sonar have been a subject of debate since the invention of the technology. Active sonar, the transmission equipment used on some ships to assist with submarine detection, is detrimental to the health and livelihood of some marine animals. [ 1] Research has recently shown that beaked and blue whales ...
Underwater vision. Scuba diver with bifocal lenses fitted to a mask. Underwater vision is the ability to see objects underwater, and this is significantly affected by several factors. Underwater, objects are less visible because of lower levels of natural illumination caused by rapid attenuation of light with distance passed through the water.
A noise barrier (also called a soundwall, noise wall, sound berm, sound barrier, or acoustical barrier) is an exterior structure designed to protect inhabitants of sensitive land use areas from noise pollution. Noise barriers are the most effective method of mitigating roadway, railway, and industrial noise sources – other than cessation of ...
A thermocline (also known as the thermal layer or the metalimnion in lakes) is a distinct layer based on temperature within a large body of fluid (e.g. water, as in an ocean or lake; or air, e.g. an atmosphere) with a high gradient of distinct temperature differences associated with depth. In the ocean, the thermocline divides the upper mixed ...
Auditory illusion. Auditory illusions are illusions of real sound or outside stimulus. [ 1] These false perceptions are the equivalent of an optical illusion: the listener hears either sounds which are not present in the stimulus, or sounds that should not be possible given the circumstance on how they were created. [ 2]
Elevated workplace or environmental noise can cause hearing impairment, tinnitus, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, annoyance, and sleep disturbance. [ 3][ 4] Changes in the immune system and birth defects have been also attributed to noise exposure. [ 5] Although age-related health effects ( presbycusis) occur naturally with age, [ 6] in ...