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Hearing, vibration, and the lateral line. Hearing is an important sensory system for most species of fish. For example, in the family Batrachoididae, males use their swim bladders to make advertisement calls which females use to localize males. Hearing threshold and the ability to localize sound sources are reduced underwater, in which the ...
Fish retinas generally have both rod cells and cone cells (for scotopic and photopic vision ), and most species have colour vision. Some fish can see ultraviolet and some are sensitive to polarised light . Among jawless fishes, the lamprey [ 1] has well-developed eyes, while the hagfish has only primitive eyespots. [ 2]
Underwater vision. Scuba diver with bifocal lenses fitted to a mask. Underwater vision is the ability to see objects underwater, and this is significantly affected by several factors. Underwater, objects are less visible because of lower levels of natural illumination caused by rapid attenuation of light with distance passed through the water.
Hazards. Dielectric heating from electromagnetic radiation can create a biological hazard. For example, touching or standing around an antenna while a high-power transmitter is in operation can cause burns. The mechanism is the same as that used in a microwave oven.
A short-distance acoustic shadow occurs behind a building or a sound barrier. The sound from a source is shielded by the obstruction. Due to diffraction around the object, it will not be completely silent in the sound shadow. The amplitude of the sound can be reduced considerably, however, depending on the additional distance the sound has to ...
Auditory illusion. Auditory illusions are illusions of real sound or outside stimulus. [ 1] These false perceptions are the equivalent of an optical illusion: the listener hears either sounds which are not present in the stimulus, or sounds that should not be possible given the circumstance on how they were created. [ 2]
A photoreceptor cell is a specialized type of neuroepithelial cell found in the retina that is capable of visual phototransduction. The great biological importance of photoreceptors is that they convert light (visible electromagnetic radiation) into signals that can stimulate biological processes. To be more specific, photoreceptor proteins in ...
A noise barrier (also called a soundwall, noise wall, sound berm, sound barrier, or acoustical barrier) is an exterior structure designed to protect inhabitants of sensitive land use areas from noise pollution. Noise barriers are the most effective method of mitigating roadway, railway, and industrial noise sources – other than cessation of ...