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Preoperative fasting. Preoperative fasting is the practice of a surgical patient abstaining from eating or drinking ("nothing by mouth") for some time before having an operation. This is intended to prevent stomach contents from getting into the windpipe and lungs (known as a pulmonary aspiration) while the patient is under general anesthesia. [1]
When eyes are untaped during general anaesthesia, the incidence of ocular injury has been reported to be as high as 44%. [ 1][ 2] If tape is used to hold the eyes closed, ocular injury occurs during 0.1-0.5% of general anaesthetics, and is usually corneal in nature. [ 3][ 4] Intraoperative eye injuries account for 2% of medico-legal claims ...
Cataract surgery is the most common application of lens removal surgery, and is usually associated with lens replacement. It is used to remove the natural lens of the eye when it has developed a cataract, a cloudy area in the lens that causes visual impairment. [ 4][ 10] Cataracts usually develop slowly and can affect one or both eyes. [ 4]
Photorefractive keratectomy ( PRK) and laser-assisted sub-epithelial keratectomy (or laser epithelial keratomileusis[ 1]) ( LASEK) are laser eye surgery procedures intended to correct a person's vision, reducing dependency on glasses or contact lenses. LASEK and PRK permanently change the shape of the anterior central cornea using an excimer ...
In people with Cushing syndrome, “too much cortisol leads to a more rounded face, pinkish red cheeks, thinner skin with easy bruises, a puffy neck, and a worsening upper back hump,” Dr. Ghalib ...
General anaesthesia. General anaesthesia is preferred for ocular surgeries in anxious adults, psychiatric patients, infants and children. [ 5] It is also indicated in perforating ocular injuries and major surgeries like exenteration. During the surgery, it has to be ensured that no carbon dioxide retention occurs.
Strabismus surgery is a one-day procedure that is usually performed under general anesthesia most commonly by either a neuro- or pediatric ophthalmologist. [ 1] The patient spends only a few hours in the hospital with minimal preoperative preparation. After surgery, the patient should expect soreness and redness but is generally free to return ...
Contact lenses. to correct refractive errors of the eye; a little invasive. Phoropter. used in refraction testing. Tonometers. used to determine the intraoccular pressure (IOP) - useful in glaucoma; video link for various types of tonometers. Speculum: to keep the eyes open during any operation. Universal eye speculum.