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In mathematics, the sieve of Eratosthenes is an ancient algorithm for finding all prime numbers up to any given limit. It does so by iteratively marking as composite (i.e., not prime) the multiples of each prime, starting with the first prime number, 2. The multiples of a given prime are generated as a sequence of numbers starting from that ...
Peterson's algorithm (or Peterson's solution) is a concurrent programming algorithm for mutual exclusion that allows two or more processes to share a single-use resource without conflict, using only shared memory for communication. It was formulated by Gary L. Peterson in 1981. [ 1] While Peterson's original formulation worked with only two ...
The master theorem always yields asymptotically tight bounds to recurrences from divide and conquer algorithms that partition an input into smaller subproblems of equal sizes, solve the subproblems recursively, and then combine the subproblem solutions to give a solution to the original problem. The time for such an algorithm can be expressed ...
s. -process. The slow neutron-capture process, or s-process, is a series of reactions in nuclear astrophysics that occur in stars, particularly asymptotic giant branch stars. The s -process is responsible for the creation ( nucleosynthesis) of approximately half the atomic nuclei heavier than iron . In the s -process, a seed nucleus undergoes ...
Autoregressive model. In statistics, econometrics, and signal processing, an autoregressive ( AR) model is a representation of a type of random process; as such, it can be used to describe certain time-varying processes in nature, economics, behavior, etc. The autoregressive model specifies that the output variable depends linearly on its own ...
For example 5 / 2 is 2; whereas in Python 3, 5 / 2 is 2.5. (In both Python 2 – 2.2 onwards – and Python 3, a separate operator exists to provide the old behavior: 5 // 2 is 2 ) Allowing non-ASCII letters to be used in identifiers, [ 42 ] such as in smörgåsbord , fully supporting Unicode characters in source code ( UTF-8 is used by default)
The PBKDF2 key derivation function has five input parameters: [ 9] DK = PBKDF2 (PRF, Password, Salt, c, dkLen) where: PRF is a pseudorandom function of two parameters with output length hLen (e.g., a keyed HMAC) Password is the master password from which a derived key is generated. Salt is a sequence of bits, known as a cryptographic salt.
Ziegler–Nichols method. The Ziegler–Nichols tuning method is a heuristic method of tuning a PID controller. It was developed by John G. Ziegler and Nathaniel B. Nichols. It is performed by setting the I (integral) and D (derivative) gains to zero. The "P" (proportional) gain, is then increased (from zero) until it reaches the ultimate gain ...