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The aim of sterilization is the reduction of initially present microorganisms or other potential pathogens. The degree of sterilization is commonly expressed by multiples of the decimal reduction time, or D-value, denoting the time needed to reduce the initial number to one tenth ( ) of its original value. [ 11]
An autoclave is a machine used to carry out industrial and scientific processes requiring elevated temperature and pressure in relation to ambient pressure and/or temperature. Autoclaves are used before surgical procedures to perform sterilization and in the chemical industry to cure coatings and vulcanize rubber and for hydrothermal synthesis.
storage of gowns, cotton, linen, etc. The microscope. used for visualising minute structures including microbes. Various stains. used to stain microscopic slides to get contrast. Hot air oven. used in sterilizing instruments for various aseptic procedures, specially if that can not be autoclaved like powders. Koch 's or Arnold's steam sterilizer.
Skull key: a T-shaped chisel used as a lever while removing skull cap [2] Brain knife: to cleanly cut the brain Rib shears: to cut through the ribs while opening the chest [3] Dissecting scissors: for sharp cutting Speculum: for vaginal and rectal examinations Non-absorbable sutures: usually nylon to close the body cavities and sutures it ...
An assortment of musical instruments in an Istanbul music store. This is a list of musical instruments , including percussion, wind, stringed, and electronic instruments. Percussion instruments (idiophones and membranophones)
This is a list of abbreviations used in medical prescriptions, including hospital orders (the patient-directed part of which is referred to as sig codes). This list does not include abbreviations for pharmaceuticals or drug name suffixes such as CD, CR, ER, XT (See Time release technology ยง List of abbreviations for those).
A condenser is designed to transfer heat from a working fluid (e.g. water in a steam power plant) to a secondary fluid or the surrounding air. The condenser relies on the efficient heat transfer that occurs during phase changes, in this case during the condensation of a vapor into a liquid. The vapor typically enters the condenser at a ...
List of musical symbols. Musical symbols are marks and symbols in musical notation that indicate various aspects of how a piece of music is to be performed. There are symbols to communicate information about many musical elements, including pitch, duration, dynamics, or articulation of musical notes; tempo, metre, form (e.g., whether sections ...