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  2. Luhn algorithm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luhn_algorithm

    Luhn algorithm. The Luhn algorithm or Luhn formula, also known as the " modulus 10" or "mod 10" algorithm, named after its creator, IBM scientist Hans Peter Luhn, is a simple check digit formula used to validate a variety of identification numbers. It is described in US patent 2950048A, granted on 23 August 1960. [1]

  3. Modular arithmetic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modular_arithmetic

    Adding 4 hours to 9 o'clock gives 1 o'clock, since 13 is congruent to 1 modulo 12. In mathematics, modular arithmetic is a system of arithmetic for integers, where numbers "wrap around" when reaching a certain value, called the modulus. The modern approach to modular arithmetic was developed by Carl Friedrich Gauss in his book Disquisitiones ...

  4. Block cipher mode of operation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_cipher_mode_of_operation

    Note: CTR mode (CM) is also known as integer counter mode (ICM) and segmented integer counter (SIC) mode. Like OFB, counter mode turns a block cipher into a stream cipher. It generates the next keystream block by encrypting successive values of a "counter". The counter can be any function which produces a sequence which is guaranteed not to ...

  5. List of military electronics of the United States - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_military...

    AN/BPS-15: surface search radar, for submarines; AN/BPS-16: surface search radar, for submarines; AN/BQQ-5: SONAR Data Gathering Set; AN/BQR-15: Signal Processing and Display (SPAD) towed array, Western Electric Co. (WECO) design, development and fabrication of engineering development models (contract issued May 25, 1972), with Raytheon Co. subcontractor for the development effort

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    You can find instant answers on our AOL Mail help page. Should you need additional assistance we have experts available around the clock at 800-730-2563.

  7. Kentucky Gov. Andy Beshear (D) called Sen. JD Vance (R-Ohio) a “phony” and a “fake” after the GOP vice presidential nominee criticized Democrats — in particular, Vice President Harris ...

  8. Modulo - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modulo

    Modulo. In computing, the modulo operation returns the remainder or signed remainder of a division, after one number is divided by another (called the modulus of the operation). Given two positive numbers a and n, a modulo n (often abbreviated as a mod n) is the remainder of the Euclidean division of a by n, where a is the dividend and n is the ...

  9. Ring counter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ring_counter

    The straight ring counter has the logical structure shown here: Instead of the reset line setting up the initial one-hot pattern, the straight ring is sometimes made self-initializing by the use of a distributed feedback gate across all of the outputs except that last, so that a 1 is presented at the input when there is no 1 in any stage but the last.