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George Berkeley ( / ˈbɑːrkli / BARK-lee; [ 5][ 6] 12 March 1685 – 14 January 1753) – known as Bishop Berkeley ( Bishop of Cloyne of the Anglican Church of Ireland) – was an Anglo-Irish philosopher whose primary achievement was the advancement of a theory he called "immaterialism" (later referred to as "subjective idealism" by others).
Concept. A concept is defined as an abstract idea. It is understood to be a fundamental building block underlying principles, thoughts, and beliefs. [1] Concepts play an important role in all aspects of cognition. [2] [3] As such, concepts are studied within such disciplines as linguistics, psychology, and philosophy, and these disciplines are ...
Cognitive distortion. A cognitive distortion is a thought that causes a person to perceive reality inaccurately due to being exaggerated or irrational. Cognitive distortions are involved in the onset or perpetuation of psychopathological states, such as depression and anxiety. [1]
The philosophy of mind is a branch of philosophy that deals with the nature of the mind and its relation to the body and the external world . The mind–body problem is a paradigmatic issue in philosophy of mind, although a number of other issues are addressed, such as the hard problem of consciousness and the nature of particular mental states.
Philosophy ('love of wisdom' in Ancient Greek) is a systematic study of general and fundamental questions concerning topics like existence, reason, knowledge, value, mind, and language. It is a rational and critical inquiry that reflects on its own methods and assumptions. Historically, many of the individual sciences, such as physics and ...
Western philosophy, the part of philosophical thought and work of the Western world. Historically, the term refers to the philosophical thinking of Western culture, beginning with the ancient Greek philosophy of the pre-Socratics.
A paradigm shiftis a fundamental change in the basic conceptsand experimentalpractices of a scientific discipline. It is a concept in the philosophy of sciencethat was introduced and brought into the common lexiconby the American physicist and philosopher Thomas Kuhn. Even though Kuhn restricted the use of the term to the natural sciences, the ...
e. In philosophy and specifically metaphysics, the theory of Forms, theory of Ideas, [ 1][ 2][ 3] Platonic idealism, or Platonic realism is a theory widely credited to the Classical Greek philosopher Plato. The theory suggests that the physical world is not as real or true as "Forms". According to this theory, Forms—conventionally capitalized ...