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Price–sales ratio, P/S ratio, or PSR, is a valuation metric for stocks. It is calculated by dividing the company's market capitalization by the revenue in the most recent year; or, equivalently, divide the per-share price by the per-share revenue. The justified P/S ratio is calculated as the price-to-sales ratio based on the Gordon Growth Model.
This assessment is especially useful when the terminal value is estimated using the perpetuity approach; and can then also serve as a model "calibration". The use of traditional multiples may be limited in the case of startups [12] – where profit and cash flows are often negative – and ratios such as price/sales are then employed.
The price-to-book ratio (P/B) is a commonly used benchmark comparing market value to the accounting book value of the firm's assets. The price/sales ratio and EV/sales ratios measure value relative to sales. These multiples must be used with caution as both sales and book values are less likely to be value drivers than earnings.
Broadly speaking, in business enterprises, risk is traded off against benefit. RAROC is defined as the ratio of risk adjusted return to economic capital. The economic capital is the amount of money which is needed to secure the survival in a worst-case scenario, it is a buffer against unexpected shocks in market values.
Equivalent annual cost. In finance, the equivalent annual cost ( EAC) is the cost per year of owning and operating an asset over its entire lifespan. It is calculated by dividing the negative NPV of a project by the "present value of annuity factor": , where. where r is the annual interest rate and. t is the number of years.
Cash and cash equivalents ( CCE) are the most liquid current assets found on a business's balance sheet. Cash equivalents are short-term commitments "with temporarily idle cash and easily convertible into a known cash amount". [ 1] An investment normally counts as a cash equivalent when it has a short maturity period of 90 days or less, and can ...
A price index aggregates various combinations of base period prices ( ), later period prices ( ), base period quantities ( ), and later period quantities ( ). Price index numbers are usually defined either in terms of (actual or hypothetical) expenditures (expenditure = price * quantity) or as different weighted averages of price relatives ...
v. t. e. Fundamental analysis, in accounting and finance, is the analysis of a business's financial statements (usually to analyze the business's assets, liabilities, and earnings ); health; [ 1] competitors and markets. It also considers the overall state of the economy and factors including interest rates, production, earnings, employment ...