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2. Reverse osmosis - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reverse_osmosis

   Reverse osmosis ( RO) is a water purification process that uses a semi-permeable membrane to separate water molecules from other substances. RO applies pressure to overcome osmotic pressure that favors even distributions. RO can remove dissolved or suspended chemical species as well as biological substances (principally bacteria ), and is used ...

3. Microfiltration - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microfiltration

   Microfiltration. Microfiltration is a type of physical filtration process where a contaminated fluid is passed through a special pore-sized membrane filter to separate microorganisms and suspended particles from process liquid. It is commonly used in conjunction with various other separation processes such as ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis ...

4. Nanofiltration - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanofiltration

   Anything smaller, reverse osmosis is used and anything larger is used for ultrafiltration. Ultrafiltration can also be used in cases where nanofiltration can be used, due to it being more conventional. A main disadvantage associated with nanotechnology, as with all membrane filter technology, is the cost and maintenance of the membranes used. [8]

5. Water purification - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_purification

   Water purification is the process of removing undesirable chemicals, biological contaminants, suspended solids, and gases from water. The goal is to produce water that is fit for specific purposes. Most water is purified and disinfected for human consumption ( drinking water ), but water purification may also be carried out for a variety of ...

6. Cross-flow filtration - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-flow_filtration

   In chemical engineering, biochemical engineering and protein purification, cross-flow filtration [1] (also known as tangential flow filtration [2]) is a type of filtration (a particular unit operation ). Cross-flow filtration is different from dead-end filtration in which the feed is passed through a membrane or bed, the solids being trapped in ...

7. Membrane technology - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Membrane_technology

   Membrane technology covers all engineering approaches for the transport of substances between two fractions with the help of semi-permeable membranes. In general, mechanical separation processes for separating gaseous or liquid streams use membrane technology. In recent years, different methods have been used to remove environmental pollutants ...