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Mental chronometry is the scientific study of processing speed or reaction time on cognitive tasks to infer the content, duration, and temporal sequencing of mental operations. Reaction time (RT; also referred to as " response time ") is measured by the elapsed time between stimulus onset and an individual's response on elementary cognitive ...
Human growthand development. Development of the human body is the process of growth to maturity. The process begins with fertilization, where an egg released from the ovary of a female is penetrated by a sperm cell from a male. The resulting zygote develops through mitosis and cell differentiation, and the resulting embryo then implants in the ...
Cell signaling is a fundamental property of all cellular life in prokaryotes and eukaryotes . Typically, the signaling process involves three components: the signal, the receptor, and the effector. [citation needed] In biology, signals are mostly chemical in nature, but can also be physical cues such as pressure, voltage, temperature, or light.
Motor unit recruitment. General depiction of a motor unit, consisting of a motor neuron innervating a group of muscle fibers. Motor unit recruitment is the activation of additional motor units to accomplish an increase in contractile strength in a muscle. [ 1] A motor unit consists of one motor neuron and all of the muscle fibers it stimulates.
t. e. In physiology, a stimulus[ 1] is a detectable change in the physical or chemical structure of an organism's internal or external environment. The ability of an organism or organ to detect external stimuli, so that an appropriate reaction can be made, is called sensitivity ( excitability ). [ 2] Sensory receptors can receive information ...
Reflex. In biology, a reflex, or reflex action, is an involuntary, unplanned sequence or action [ 1] and nearly instantaneous response to a stimulus. [ 2][ 3] The simplest reflex is initiated by a stimulus, which activates an afferent nerve. The signal is then passed to a response neuron, which generates a response.
Types. There are four subdivisions of group A nerve fibers: alpha (α) Aα; beta (β) Aβ; , gamma (γ) Aγ, and delta (δ) Aδ. These subdivisions have different amounts of myelination and axon thickness and therefore transmit signals at different speeds. Larger diameter axons and more myelin insulation lead to faster signal propagation.
Classical conditioning occurs when a conditioned stimulus (CS) is paired with an unconditioned stimulus (US). Usually, the conditioned stimulus is a neutral stimulus (e.g., the sound of a tuning fork), the unconditioned stimulus is biologically potent (e.g., the taste of food) and the unconditioned response (UR) to the unconditioned stimulus is an unlearned reflex response (e.g., salivation).