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Learn how fast sound waves travel in different media, such as air, water, and solids, and how the speed depends on temperature, frequency, and pressure. Explore the history of measuring the speed of sound and the basic concepts of sound transmission.
Mach number is a dimensionless quantity that compares flow velocity to speed of sound. Learn about subsonic, transonic, supersonic, hypersonic and hypervelocity flows, and how to calculate Mach number from speed and temperature.
Kundt's tube is an acoustical apparatus for measuring the speed of sound in a gas or a solid rod. It consists of a transparent pipe with a powder inside, a sound source, and a movable piston to adjust the length of the tube.
Acoustic wave is a mechanical wave that transmits energy through the movements of atoms and molecules. Learn about the acoustic wave equation, phase, particle displacement, propagation speed, interference, standing wave, reflection, absorption and layered media.
Learn about the second-order partial differential equation that governs the propagation of acoustic waves through a material medium. Find the derivation, solution and examples of the equation in one, two and three dimensions.
Sound is a vibration that propagates as an acoustic wave through a medium and can be perceived by humans or animals. Learn about the properties, types, and effects of sound waves, as well as the interdisciplinary science of acoustics and its subfields.
Figure 1. Table 1's data in graphical format. Although given as a function of depth [note 1], the speed of sound in the ocean does not depend solely on depth.Rather, for a given depth, the speed of sound depends on the temperature at that depth, the depth itself, and the salinity at that depth, in that order.
Learn about sound pressure, the local deviation of atmospheric pressure caused by a sound wave, and how it relates to sound intensity, acoustic impedance, and sound level. Find definitions, formulas, examples, and references for sound pressure in air and water.