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A deadlock is a condition that may happen in a system composed of multiple processes that can access shared resources. A deadlock is said to occur when two or more processes are waiting for each other to release a resource. None of the processes can make any progress. ^ a b c Silberschatz, Abraham (2006).
Deadlock prevention algorithms. In computer science, deadlock prevention algorithms are used in concurrent programming when multiple processes must acquire more than one shared resource. If two or more concurrent processes obtain multiple resources indiscriminately, a situation can occur where each process has a resource needed by another process.
Banker's algorithm is a resource allocation and deadlock avoidance algorithm developed by Edsger Dijkstra that tests for safety by simulating the allocation of predetermined maximum possible amounts of all resources, and then makes an "s-state" check to test for possible deadlock conditions for all other pending activities, before deciding whether allocation should be allowed to continue.
The UNIX and Windows operating systems take this approach. [1] [2] Although using the ostrich algorithm is one of the methods of dealing with deadlocks , other effective methods exist such as dynamic avoidance, banker's algorithm , detection and recovery, and prevention.
A wait-for graph in computer science is a directed graph used for deadlock detection in operating systems and relational database systems. In computer science, a system that allows concurrent operation of multiple processes and locking of resources and which does not provide mechanisms to avoid or prevent deadlock must support a mechanism to ...
Lock (computer science) In computer science, a lock or mutex (from mutual exclusion) is a synchronization primitive that prevents state from being modified or accessed by multiple threads of execution at once. Locks enforce mutual exclusion concurrency control policies, and with a variety of possible methods there exist multiple unique ...
The safety property prohibits these "bad things": executions that start in a state satisfying and terminate in a final state that does not satisfy . For a program , this safety property is usually written using the Hoare triple . The liveness property, the "good thing", is that execution that starts in a state satisfying terminates.
In computer science, the dining philosophers problem is an example problem often used in concurrent algorithm design to illustrate synchronization issues and techniques for resolving them. It was originally formulated in 1965 by Edsger Dijkstra as a student exam exercise, presented in terms of computers competing for access to tape drive ...