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Around 50–100 million vertebrate animals are used in experiments annually. Animal testing, also known as animal experimentation, animal research, and in vivo testing, is the use of non-human animals, such as model organisms, in experiments that seek to control the variables that affect the behavior or biological system under study.
Covance primate-testing lab, Vienna, Virginia, 2004–05. Most of the NHPs used are one of three species of macaques, accounting for 79% of all primates used in research in the UK, and 63% of all federally funded research grants for projects using primates in the U.S. [25] Lesser numbers of marmosets, tamarins, spider monkeys, owl monkeys, vervet monkeys, squirrel monkeys, and baboons are used ...
Animal science is described as "studying the biology of animals that are under the control of humankind". It can also be described as the production and management of farm animals. [ 1 ] Historically, the degree was called animal husbandry and the animals studied were livestock species, like cattle , sheep , pigs , poultry , and horses .
Of course, research in the two also differs in important respects. Notably, much research with humans either studies or involves language, and much research with animals is related directly or indirectly to behaviors important to survival in natural settings. Following are summaries of some of the major areas of research in animal cognition.
The history of animal testing goes back to the writings of the Ancient Greeks in the 4th and 3rd centuries BCE, with Aristotle (384–322 BCE) and Erasistratus (304–258 BCE) one of the first documented to perform experiments on nonhuman animals. [ 1] Galen, a physician in 2nd-century Rome, dissected pigs and goats, and is known as the "Father ...
The Three Rs ( 3Rs) are guiding principles for more ethical use of animals in product testing and scientific research. They were first described by W. M. S. Russell and R. L. Burch in 1959. [ 1] The 3Rs are: Replacement: methods which avoid or replace the use of animals in research. Reduction: use of methods that enable researchers to obtain ...
Understanding Animal Research ( UAR) is a British membership organisation formed in late 2008 through the merger of the Research Defence Society and the Coalition for Medical Progress. Its main aims are to "explain why animals are used in medical and scientific research. We aim to achieve a broad understanding of the humane use of animals in ...
Get a daily dose of cute photos of animals like cats, dogs, and more along with animal related news stories for your daily life from AOL.
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