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The issue of school speech or curricular speech as it relates to the First Amendment to the United States Constitution has been the center of controversy and litigation since the mid-20th century. The First Amendment's guarantee of freedom of speech applies to students in the public schools. In the landmark decision Tinker v.
Fraser. Bethel School District v. Fraser, 478 U.S. 675 (1986), was a landmark decision of the Supreme Court of the United States in which the Court upheld the suspension of a high school student who delivered a sexually suggestive speech at a school assembly. The case involved free speech in public schools .
Substantial disruption. The substantial disruption test is a criterion set forth by the United States Supreme Court, in the leading case of Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District, 393 U.S. 503 (1969). [1] The test is used to determine whether an act by a U.S. public school official (State actor) has abridged a student's ...
The Free Speech Movement ( FSM) was a massive, long-lasting student protest which took place during the 1964–65 academic year on the campus of the University of California, Berkeley. [ 1] The Movement was informally under the central leadership of Berkeley graduate student Mario Savio. [ 2] Other student leaders include Jack Weinberg, Tom ...
Lincoln–Douglas debate format. Lincoln–Douglas debate (commonly abbreviated as LD Debate, or simply LD) is a type of one-on-one competitive debate practiced mainly in the United States at the high school level. It is sometimes also called values debate because the format traditionally places a heavy emphasis on logic, ethical values, and ...
Chicago principles. The Chicago principles, also known as the Chicago Statement, [1] are a set of guiding principles intended to demonstrate a commitment to freedom of speech and freedom of expression on college campuses in the United States. Initially adopted by the University of Chicago following a report issued by a designated Committee on ...
The Foundation for Individual Rights and Expression ( FIRE ), formerly called the Foundation for Individual Rights in Education, is a 501 (c) (3) [ 1] non-profit civil liberties group founded in 1999 with the mission of protecting freedom of speech on college campuses in the United States. [ 2][ 3][ 4] FIRE changed its name in June 2022, when ...
The Free Speech Movement in 1964–65 at UC Berkeley used mass civil disobedience to overturn restrictions on on-campus political activities. The Free Speech Movement was the first US student movement that became a focus of scholarly attention into student activism. [114]