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An industrial control system ( ICS) is an electronic control system and associated instrumentation used for industrial process control. Control systems can range in size from a few modular panel-mounted controllers to large interconnected and interactive distributed control systems (DCSs) with many thousands of field connections.
Industrial process control (IPC) or simply process control is a system used in modern manufacturing which uses the principles of control theory and physical industrial control systems to monitor, control and optimize continuous industrial production processes using control algorithms. This ensures that the industrial machines run smoothly and ...
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Its name comes from the information path in the system: process inputs (e.g., voltage applied to an electric motor) have an effect on the process outputs (e.g., speed or torque of the motor), which is measured with sensors and processed by the controller; the result (the control signal) is "fed back" as input to the process, closing the loop.
The term process automation is essentially synonymous with process control. Process controls (basic as well as advanced) are implemented within the process control system, which may mean a distributed control system (DCS), programmable logic controller (PLC), and/or a supervisory control computer. DCSs and PLCs are typically industrially ...
Within modern distributed control systems and programmable logic controllers, it is much easier to prevent integral windup by either limiting the controller output, limiting the integral to produce feasible output, [5] or by using external reset feedback, which is a means of feeding back the selected output to the integral circuit of all ...
Onboard morgues allow a ship’s crew to store bodies in the event of a death during a cruise, according to Winkleman. The facilities are refrigerated, stainless steel rooms accommodating between ...
Proportional control, in engineering and process control, is a type of linear feedback control system in which a correction is applied to the controlled variable, and the size of the correction is proportional to the difference between the desired value ( setpoint, SP) and the measured value ( process variable, PV).