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  2. Rotation matrix - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotation_matrix

    The sum of the entries along the main diagonal (the trace), plus one, equals 4 − 4(x 2 + y 2 + z 2), which is 4w 2. Thus we can write the trace itself as 2w 2 + 2w 21; and from the previous version of the matrix we see that the diagonal entries themselves have the same form: 2x 2 + 2w 21, 2y 2 + 2w 21, and 2z 2 + 2w 21. So ...

  3. Quadratic function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadratic_function

    () = + is called the vertex form, where h and k are the x and y coordinates of the vertex, respectively. The coefficient a is the same value in all three forms. To convert the standard form to factored form , one needs only the quadratic formula to determine the two roots r 1 and r 2 .

  4. Parabola - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parabola

    In the theory of quadratic forms, the parabola is the graph of the quadratic form x 2 (or other scalings), while the elliptic paraboloid is the graph of the positive-definite quadratic form x 2 + y 2 (or scalings), and the hyperbolic paraboloid is the graph of the indefinite quadratic form x 2y 2. Generalizations to more variables yield ...

  5. Quadratic formula - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadratic_formula

    Quadratic formula. The roots of the quadratic function y = ⁠ 1 2 ⁠x2 − 3x + ⁠ 5 2 ⁠ are the places where the graph intersects the x -axis, the values x = 1 and x = 5. They can be found via the quadratic formula. In elementary algebra, the quadratic formula is a closed-form expression describing the solutions of a quadratic equation.

  6. Feynman diagram - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feynman_diagram

    Richard Feynman in 1984. In theoretical physics, a Feynman diagram is a pictorial representation of the mathematical expressions describing the behavior and interaction of subatomic particles. The scheme is named after American physicist Richard Feynman, who introduced the diagrams in 1948. The interaction of subatomic particles can be complex ...

  7. Circulant graph - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circulant_graph

    Every cycle graph is a circulant graph, as is every crown graph with number of vertices congruent to 2 modulo 4.. The Paley graphs of order n (where n is a prime number congruent to 1 modulo 4) is a graph in which the vertices are the numbers from 0 to n − 1 and two vertices are adjacent if their difference is a quadratic residue modulo n.

  8. Vertex operator algebra - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertex_operator_algebra

    That is, if a and b are homogeneous, one compares Y(a,z)Y(b,w) with εY(b,w)Y(a,z), where ε is –1 if both a and b are odd and 1 otherwise. If in addition there is a Virasoro element ω in the even part of V 2 , and the usual grading restrictions are satisfied, then V is called a vertex operator superalgebra .

  9. Quadratic equation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadratic_equation

    Quadratic equation. In mathematics, a quadratic equation (from Latin quadratus ' square ') is an equation that can be rearranged in standard form as [ 1] where x represents an unknown value, and a, b, and c represent known numbers, where a ≠ 0. (If a = 0 and b ≠ 0 then the equation is linear, not quadratic.)