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In mathematics (including combinatorics, linear algebra, and dynamical systems), a linear recurrence with constant coefficients [1]: ch. 17 [2]: ch. 10 (also known as a linear recurrence relation or linear difference equation) sets equal to 0 a polynomial that is linear in the various iterates of a variable—that is, in the values of the elements of a sequence.
where u(x, y) and v(x, y) are real differentiable bivariate functions. Typically, u and v are respectively the real and imaginary parts of a complex-valued function f(x + iy) = f(x, y) = u(x, y) + iv(x, y) of a single complex variable z = x + iy where x and y are real variables; u and v are real differentiable functions of the real variables.
The sign of the covariance of two random variables X and Y. Covariance in probability theory and statistics is a measure of the joint variability of two random variables. [1]The sign of the covariance, therefore, shows the tendency in the linear relationship between the variables.
Pell's equation for n = 2 and six of its integer solutions. Pell's equation, also called the Pell–Fermat equation, is any Diophantine equation of the form =, where n is a given positive nonsquare integer, and integer solutions are sought for x and y.
Laplace's equation on an annulus (inner radius r = 2 and outer radius R = 4) with Dirichlet boundary conditions u(r=2) = 0 and u(R=4) = 4 sin(5 θ See also: Boundary value problem The Dirichlet problem for Laplace's equation consists of finding a solution φ on some domain D such that φ on the boundary of D is equal to some given function.
Watt's curve, which arose in the context of early work on the steam engine, is a sextic in two variables.. One method of solving the cubic equation involves transforming variables to obtain a sextic equation having terms only of degrees 6, 3, and 0, which can be solved as a quadratic equation in the cube of the variable.
In elementary algebra, the binomial theorem (or binomial expansion) describes the algebraic expansion of powers of a binomial.According to the theorem, it is possible to expand the polynomial (x + y) n into a sum involving terms of the form ax b y c, where the exponents b and c are nonnegative integers with b + c = n, and the coefficient a of each term is a specific positive integer depending ...
This will not work if squares or higher power of x occurs in an exponent, or if the "base constants" do not "share" a common q. sometimes, substituting y=xe x may obtain an algebraic equation; after the solutions for y are known, those for x can be obtained by applying the Lambert W function, [citation needed] e.g.: