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DNA sequencing is the process of determining the nucleic acid sequence – the order of nucleotides in DNA. It includes any method or technology that is used to determine the order of the four bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine. The advent of rapid DNA sequencing methods has greatly accelerated biological and medical research and ...
Shotgun sequencing. In genetics, shotgun sequencing is a method used for sequencing random DNA strands. It is named by analogy with the rapidly expanding, quasi-random shot grouping of a shotgun . The chain-termination method of DNA sequencing ("Sanger sequencing") can only be used for short DNA strands of 100 to 1000 base pairs.
A DNA sequencer is a scientific instrument used to automate the DNA sequencing process. Given a sample of DNA, a DNA sequencer is used to determine the order of the four bases: G ( guanine ), C ( cytosine ), A ( adenine) and T ( thymine ). This is then reported as a text string, called a read.
A random hexamer or random hexonucleotides are for various PCR applications such as rolling circle amplification to prime the DNA.. They are oligonucleotide sequences of 6 bases which are synthesised entirely randomly to give a numerous range of sequences that have the potential to anneal at many random points on a DNA sequence and act as a primer to commence first strand cDNA synthesis.
The DNA bands may then be visualized by autoradiography or UV light, and the DNA sequence can be directly read off the X-ray film or gel image. Part of a radioactively labelled sequencing gel. In the image on the right, X-ray film was exposed to the gel, and the dark bands correspond to DNA fragments of different lengths.
DNA shuffling is useful for generating proteins with novel properties or combinations of desired properties. [1] DNA shuffling, also known as molecular breeding, is an in vitro random recombination method to generate mutant genes for directed evolution and to enable a rapid increase in DNA library size.
Site-directed mutagenesis. Site-directed mutagenesis is a molecular biology method that is used to make specific and intentional mutating changes to the DNA sequence of a gene and any gene products. Also called site-specific mutagenesis or oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis, it is used for investigating the structure and biological activity ...
Single-cell DNA genome sequencing involves isolating a single cell, amplifying the whole genome or region of interest, constructing sequencing libraries, and then applying next-generation DNA sequencing (for example Illumina, Ion Torrent ). Single-cell DNA sequencing has been widely applied in mammalian systems to study normal physiology and ...