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  2. Securities fraud - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Securities_fraud

    Law. v. t. e. Securities fraud, also known as stock fraud and investment fraud, is a deceptive practice in the stock or commodities markets that induces investors to make purchase or sale decisions on the basis of false information. [1] [failed verification] [2] [3] The setups are generally made to result in monetary gain for the deceivers, and ...

  3. Pump and dump - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pump_and_dump

    Pump and dump ( P&D) is a form of securities fraud that involves artificially inflating the price of an owned stock through false and misleading positive statements (pump), in order to sell the cheaply purchased stock at a higher price (dump). Once the operators of the scheme "dump" (sell) their overvalued shares, the price falls and investors ...

  4. SEC Rule 10b-5 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SEC_Rule_10b-5

    SEC Rule 10b5-1, codified at 17 CFR 240.10b5-1, was enacted as a regulation by the SEC in 2000. [ 11] The SEC stated that Rule 10b5-1 was enacted in order to resolve an unsettled issue over the definition of insider trading, [ 12] which is prohibited by SEC Rule 10b-5. In March 2023, in the first-ever indictment for insider trading based on an ...

  5. Securities Class Action - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Securities_Class_Action

    Securities Class Action. A securities class action ( SCA ), or securities fraud class action, is a lawsuit filed by investors who bought or sold a company's publicly traded securities within a specific period of time (known as a “class period”) and suffered economic injury as a result of violations of the securities laws .

  6. Watered stock - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watered_stock

    Watered stock. Jay Gould, as president of the Erie Railroad, notoriously issued watered stock to defeat a takeover attempt. Watered stock is an asset with an artificially- inflated value. [1] The term most commonly refers to a form of securities fraud in which a company issues stock to someone before receiving at least the par value in payment.

  7. Ponzi scheme - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ponzi_scheme

    A Ponzi scheme ( / ˈpɒnzi /, Italian: [ˈpontsi]) is a form of fraud that lures investors and pays profits to earlier investors with funds from more recent investors. [1] Named after Italian businessman Charles Ponzi, this type of scheme misleads investors by either falsely suggesting that profits are derived from legitimate business ...

  8. Penny stock - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penny_stock

    When the liquidity and price increase, the manipulator will sell their stock ‍ — ‍ known as a "pump and dump" scheme ‍ — ‍ which is a form of microcap stock fraud. On April 3, 2017, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) reported on a story in which penny stock fraud was the focal point of the piece. According to the article ...

  9. Microcap stock fraud - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microcap_stock_fraud

    Microcap stock fraud is a form of securities fraud involving stocks of "microcap" companies, generally defined in the United States as those with a market capitalization of under $250 million. Its prevalence has been estimated to run into the billions of dollars a year. [1] [2] [3] Many microcap stocks are penny stocks, which the SEC defines as ...