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The bid–ask spread (also bid–offer or bid/ask and buy/sell in the case of a market maker) is the difference between the prices quoted (either by a single market maker or in a limit order book) for an immediate sale ( ask) and an immediate purchase ( bid) for stocks, futures contracts, options, or currency pairs in some auction scenario.
War Against Smallpox: Edward Jenner and the Global Spread of Vaccination is a 2020 book by historian and academic Michael J. Bennett. It describes "the devastating and disfiguring impact of smallpox still at large "in the shrinking eighteenth-century globe." [1] It shows how increasing recourse to smallpox inoculation, a risky procedure ...
Hotelling's law is an observation in economics that in many markets it is rational for producers to make their products as similar as possible. This is also referred to as the principle of minimum differentiation as well as Hotelling's linear city model. The observation was made by Harold Hotelling (1895–1973) in the article "Stability in ...
The balanced growth theory is an economic theory pioneered by the economist Ragnar Nurkse (1907–1959). The theory hypothesises that the government of any underdeveloped country needs to make large investments in a number of industries simultaneously. [ 1][ 2] This will enlarge the market size, increase productivity, and provide an incentive ...
v. t. e. The bandwagon effect is a psychological phenomenon where people adopt certain behaviors, styles, or attitudes simply because others are doing so. [1] More specifically, it is a cognitive bias by which public opinion or behaviours can alter due to particular actions and beliefs rallying amongst the public. [2]
The American Economic Review, Papers and Proceedings of the Sixty-second Annual Meeting of the American Economic Association. 40 (2). American Economic Association: 446–456. JSTOR 1818062. Schumpeter, Joseph A. (May 1951). "Review of the troops (a chapter from the history of economic analysis)". The Quarterly Journal of Economics. 65 (2): 149 ...
Mathematical models can project how infectious diseases progress to show the likely outcome of an epidemic (including in plants) and help inform public health and plant health interventions. Models use basic assumptions or collected statistics along with mathematics to find parameters for various infectious diseases and use those parameters to ...
Business portal. Money portal. v. t. e. This is a list of important publications in economics, organized by field. Some basic reasons why a particular publication might be regarded as important: Topic creator – A publication that created a new topic. Breakthrough – A publication that changed scientific knowledge significantly.