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In 2016, researchers published a study that examined gender variance in a sample of 492 children and adolescents that had been diagnosed with an autism spectrum disorder at the New York University's Child Study Center between 2011 and 2015.
Example of basic PECS communication board. The Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) is an augmentative and alternative communication system developed and produced by Pyramid Educational Consultants, Inc. [1] PECS was developed in 1985 at the Delaware Autism Program by Andy Bondy, PhD, and Lori Frost, MS, CCC-SLP. [2]
Three of nine children reported with regressive autism did not have autism diagnosed at all. Only one child clearly had regressive autism; Despite the paper claiming that all 12 children were "previously normal", five had documented pre-existing developmental concerns;
Typical autism, the best-known; Asperger syndrome (9% of autism diagnoses); Rett syndrome; and; Childhood disintegrative disorder (CDD). The first three of these disorders are commonly called the autism spectrum disorders; the last two disorders are much rarer, and are sometimes placed in the autism spectrum and sometimes not. [2] [3]
Difficulties in establishing joint attention may partially account for differences in social abilities of children with developmental disorders (i.e. autism spectrum disorders). [28] A core deficit noted in autism is eye gaze. [29] Autistic children have difficulty alternating their attention towards a partner and third object. [29]
The popular book Children with autism: a parents' guide was also released in 1989. It was edited by American psychologist Michael D. Powers. [370] A second edition was published in 2000. The similar Asperger's syndrome and your child: a parents' guide was released in 2002. [371]
Societal and cultural aspects of autism or sociology of autism [1] come into play with recognition of autism, approaches to its support services and therapies, and how autism affects the definition of personhood. [2] The autistic community is divided primarily into two camps; the autism rights movement and the pathology paradigm.
However, there were a large number of cases of children experiencing difficulties with pragmatics that did not meet the criteria for autism. The differential diagnosis of SPCD allows practitioners to account for social and communication difficulties which occur to a lesser degree than in children with autism. [12]