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The misdirection in this riddle is in the second half of the description, where unrelated amounts are added together and the person to whom the riddle is posed assumes those amounts should add up to 30, and is then surprised when they do not — there is, in fact, no reason why the (10 − 1) × 3 + 2 = 29 sum should add up to 30.
The Hardest Logic Puzzle Ever. The Hardest Logic Puzzle Ever is a logic puzzle so called by American philosopher and logician George Boolos and published in The Harvard Review of Philosophy in 1996. [ 1][ 2] Boolos' article includes multiple ways of solving the problem. A translation in Italian was published earlier in the newspaper La ...
The Zebra Puzzle is a well-known logic puzzle. Many versions of the puzzle exist, including a version published in Life International magazine on December 17, 1962. The March 25, 1963, issue of Life contained the solution and the names of several hundred successful solvers from around the world. The puzzle is often called Einstein's Puzzle or ...
Induction puzzles are logic puzzles, which are examples of multi-agent reasoning, where the solution evolves along with the principle of induction. [ 1][ 2] A puzzle's scenario always involves multiple players with the same reasoning capability, who go through the same reasoning steps. According to the principle of induction, a solution to the ...
The two solutions with the vertical axis denoting time, s the start, f the finish and T the torch. The bridge and torch problem (also known as The Midnight Train [1] and Dangerous crossing [2]) is a logic puzzle that deals with four people, a bridge and a torch. It is in the category of river crossing puzzles, where a number of objects must ...
The equality of the two geometric sequences can be stated as the equation (2 0 + 2 1 + 2 2)(7 0 + 7 1 + 7 2 + 7 3 + 7 4) = 7 1 + 7 2 + 7 3 + 7 4 + 7 5, which relies on the coincidence 2 0 + 2 1 + 2 2 = 7. Note that the author of the papyrus listed a wrong value for the fourth power of 7; it should be 2,401, not 2,301.
Water pouring puzzle. Starting state of the standard puzzle; a jug filled with 8 units of water, and two empty jugs of sizes 5 and 3. The solver must pour the water so that the first and second jugs both contain 4 units, and the third is empty. Water pouring puzzles (also called water jug problems, decanting problems, [1] [2] measuring puzzles ...
Famous Trick Donkeys is a puzzle invented by Sam Loyd in 1858, [1] first printed on a card supposed to promote P.T. Barnum 's circus. At that time, the puzzle was first called "P.T. Barnum's trick mules". [2] Millions of cards were sold, with an estimated income for Sam Loyd of $10,000 from 1871 [3] —more than $200,000 in 2023 dollars.