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  2. Computer network - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_network

    An internetwork is the connection of multiple different types of computer networks to form a single computer network using higher-layer network protocols and connecting them together using routers. The Internet is the largest example of internetwork. It is a global system of interconnected governmental, academic, corporate, public, and private ...

  3. Networking hardware - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Networking_hardware

    Networking hardware. Networking hardware, also known as network equipment or computer networking devices, are electronic devices that are required for communication and interaction between devices on a computer network. Specifically, they mediate data transmission in a computer network. [1] Units which are the last receiver or generate data are ...

  4. Network architecture - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_architecture

    Network architecture is the design of a computer network. It is a framework for the specification of a network's physical components and their functional organization and configuration, its operational principles and procedures, as well as communication protocols used. In telecommunication, the specification of a network architecture may also ...

  5. Network topology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_topology

    t. e. Network topology is the arrangement of the elements ( links, nodes, etc.) of a communication network. [1] [2] Network topology can be used to define or describe the arrangement of various types of telecommunication networks, including command and control radio networks, [3] industrial fieldbusses and computer networks .

  6. Physical layer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_layer

    Data link layer. 1. Physical layer. In the seven-layer OSI model of computer networking, the physical layer or layer 1 is the first and lowest layer: the layer most closely associated with the physical connection between devices. The physical layer provides an electrical, mechanical, and procedural interface to the transmission medium.

  7. Network interface controller - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_interface_controller

    A separate network card is typically no longer required unless additional independent network connections are needed or some non-Ethernet type of network is used. A general trend in computer hardware is towards integrating the various components of systems on a chip, and this is also applied to network interface cards. An Ethernet network ...

  8. Local area network - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_area_network

    Local area network. A local area network ( LAN) is a computer network that interconnects computers within a limited area such as a residence, school, laboratory, university campus or office building. [1] By contrast, a wide area network (WAN) not only covers a larger geographic distance, but also generally involves leased telecommunication ...

  9. Network socket - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_socket

    Network socket. A network socket is a software structure within a network node of a computer network that serves as an endpoint for sending and receiving data across the network. The structure and properties of a socket are defined by an application programming interface (API) for the networking architecture. Sockets are created only during the ...