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Chart of the Morse code 26 letters and 10 numerals [1]. This Morse key was originally used by Gotthard railway, later by a shortwave radio amateur [2]. Morse code is a telecommunications method which encodes text characters as standardized sequences of two different signal durations, called dots and dashes, or dits and dahs.
The procedure signs below are compiled from the official specification for Morse Code, ITU-R M.1677, International Morse Code, [1] while others are defined the International Radio Regulations for Mobile Maritime Service, including ITU-R M.1170, [8] ITU-R M.1172, [4] and the Maritime International Code of Signals, [5] with a few details of their ...
Although a few abbreviations (such as SX for "dollar") are carried over from former commercial telegraph codes, almost all Morse abbreviations are not commercial codes. From 1845 until well into the second half of the 20th century, commercial telegraphic code books were used to shorten telegrams, e.g. PASCOELA = "Locals have plundered everything from the wreck."
Because the latter allows messages to be spelled via flags or Morse code, it naturally named the code words used to spell out messages by voice its "phonetic alphabet". The name NATO phonetic alphabet became widespread because the signals used to facilitate the naval communications and tactics of NATO have become global. [2]
Visual mnemonic charts have been devised over the ages. Baden-Powell included one in the Girl Guides handbook [1] in 1918. A contemporary Morse code chart. Here is a more up-to-date version, ca. 1988: Other visual mnemonic systems have been created for Morse code, mapping the elements of the Morse code characters onto pictures for easy ...
16-line message format, or Basic Message Format, is the standard military radiogram format (in NATO allied nations) for the manner in which a paper message form is transcribed through voice, Morse code, or TTY transmission formats. The overall structure of the message has three parts: HEADING (which can use as many as 10 of the format's 16 ...
Baudot developed his first multiplexed telegraph in 1872 [2] [3] and patented it in 1874. [3] [4] In 1876, he changed from a six-bit code to a five-bit code, [3] as suggested by Carl Friedrich Gauss and Wilhelm Weber in 1834, [2] [5] with equal on and off intervals, which allowed for transmission of the Roman alphabet, and included punctuation and control signals.
Soon after the code words were developed by ICAO (see history below), they were adopted by other national and international organizations, including the ITU, the International Maritime Organization (IMO), the United States Federal Government as Federal Standard 1037C: Glossary of Telecommunications Terms [5] and its successors ANSI T1.523-2001 [6] and ATIS Telecom Glossary (ATIS-0100523.2019 ...