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Chronic kidney disease. Chronic kidney disease ( CKD) is a type of long-term kidney disease, in which either there is a gradual loss of kidney function occurs over a period of months to years, or abnormal kidney structure (with normal function). [ 2][ 5] Initially generally no symptoms are seen, but later symptoms may include leg swelling ...
Kidney failure, also known as end-stage renal disease ( ESRD ), is a medical condition in which the kidneys can no longer adequately filter waste products from the blood, functioning at less than 15% of normal levels. [ 2] Kidney failure is classified as either acute kidney failure, which develops rapidly and may resolve; and chronic kidney ...
Radiation causes cellular degradation by autophagy. Acute radiation syndrome ( ARS ), also known as radiation sickness or radiation poisoning, is a collection of health effects that are caused by being exposed to high amounts of ionizing radiation in a short period of time. [ 1] Symptoms can start within an hour of exposure, and can last for ...
Cyanide is a potent cytochrome c oxidase (COX, a.k.a. Complex IV) inhibitor, causing asphyxiation of cells. As such, cyanide poisoning is a form of histotoxic hypoxia, because it interferes with the ability of cells to take or use oxygen via oxidative phosphorylation. [ 25]: 1475. Specifically, cyanide binds to the heme a3-CuB binuclear center ...
Compared to eating disorders like anorexia and bulimia, in which a person’s primary motivation might be to change the look of their body, orthorexia typically starts with the goal to eat the ...
Nephrology, Urology. Acute kidney injury ( AKI ), previously called acute renal failure ( ARF ), [ 1][ 2] is a sudden decrease in kidney function that develops within 7 days, [ 3] as shown by an increase in serum creatinine or a decrease in urine output, or both. [ 4]
Nausea and vomiting are two of the most feared cancer treatment-related side effects for cancer patients and their families. In 1983, Coates et al. found that patients receiving chemotherapy ranked nausea and vomiting as the first and second most severe side effects, respectively. Up to 20% of patients receiving highly emetogenic agents in this ...
Hemodialysis. Hemodialysis, also spelled haemodialysis, or simply dialysis, is a process of filtering the blood of a person whose kidneys are not working normally. This type of dialysis achieves the extracorporeal removal of waste products such as creatinine and urea and free water from the blood when the kidneys are in a state of kidney failure.