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22.1 million (2015) [ 5] Deaths. 16,100 (2015) [ 6] Kidney stone disease, also known as renal calculus disease, nephrolithiasis or urolithiasis, is a crystallopathy where a solid piece of material ( renal calculus) develops in the urinary tract. [ 2] Renal calculi typically form in the kidney and leave the body in the urine stream. [ 2]
Chronic kidney disease ( CKD) is a type of long-term kidney disease, in which either there is a gradual loss of kidney function occurs over a period of months to years, or abnormal kidney structure (with normal function). [ 2][ 5] Initially generally no symptoms are seen, but later symptoms may include leg swelling, feeling tired, vomiting ...
Cyanide is a potent cytochrome c oxidase (COX, a.k.a. Complex IV) inhibitor, causing asphyxiation of cells. As such, cyanide poisoning is a form of histotoxic hypoxia, because it interferes with the ability of cells to take or use oxygen via oxidative phosphorylation. [ 25]: 1475. Specifically, cyanide binds to the heme a3-CuB binuclear center ...
During a follow-up period of about 3.5 years, the researchers found that people in the semaglutide group had a 24% lower chance of having a major kidney disease event, like losing half of their ...
Kidney failure, also known as end-stage renal disease ( ESRD ), is a medical condition in which the kidneys can no longer adequately filter waste products from the blood, functioning at less than 15% of normal levels. [ 2] Kidney failure is classified as either acute kidney failure, which develops rapidly and may resolve; and chronic kidney ...
Radiation causes cellular degradation by autophagy. Acute radiation syndrome ( ARS ), also known as radiation sickness or radiation poisoning, is a collection of health effects that are caused by being exposed to high amounts of ionizing radiation in a short period of time. [ 1] Symptoms can start within an hour of exposure, and can last for ...
Compared to eating disorders like anorexia and bulimia, in which a person’s primary motivation might be to change the look of their body, orthorexia typically starts with the goal to eat the ...
It affects some 3–7% of patients admitted to the hospital and approximately 25–30% of patients in the intensive care unit. [ 45 ] Acute kidney injury was one of the most expensive conditions seen in U.S. hospitals in 2011, with an aggregated cost of nearly $4.7 billion for approximately 498,000 hospital stays. [ 46 ]