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Fuel. Federal excise taxes have been stable at 18.4¢ per gallon for gasoline and 24.4¢ per gallon for diesel fuel since 1993. This raised $37.4 billion in fiscal year 2015. These fuel taxes raised 90% of the Highway Trust Fund. The average of state taxes on fuel was 31.02¢ per gallon for gasoline and 32.66¢ per gallon for diesel fuel in 2021.
In the United States, 44 million people used self-supply and private water sources in 2010 and about 22% of the rural population uses private wells to access groundwater for their water supply. [14] About 20-60% of the population in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union relies on self-supply for water.
Taxation in the United States. The United States has separate federal, state, and local governments with taxes imposed at each of these levels. Taxes are levied on income, payroll, property, sales, capital gains, dividends, imports, estates and gifts, as well as various fees. In 2020, taxes collected by federal, state, and local governments ...
A water tariff (often called water rate in the United States and Canada) is a price assigned to water supplied by a public utility through a piped network to its customers. The term is also often applied to wastewater tariffs. Water and wastewater tariffs are not charged for water itself, but to recover the costs of water treatment, water ...
For society, Economic agglomeration also caused some social problems. First, the increased population led to high land prices. To reduce the inequality problem, the government may tax the land in the agglomeration area, increasing the land price. Second, the agglomeration of the economy also creates a high demand for infrastructure.
Environmental economics is a sub-field of economics concerned with environmental issues. [1] It has become a widely studied subject due to growing environmental concerns in the twenty-first century. Environmental economics "undertakes theoretical or empirical studies of the economic effects of national or local environmental policies around the ...
During a normal year, 30% of the state's water supply comes from groundwater (underground water). In times of intense drought, groundwater consumption can rise to 60% or more. [ 5] Over 850,000,000 acre-feet (1,050 km 3) of water is stored in California's 450 known groundwater reservoirs. [ 5]
The U.S. economy is heavily dependent on road transport for moving people and goods. Personal transportation is dominated by automobiles, which operate on a network of four million miles (6.4 million km) of public roads, [ 339] including one of the world's longest highway systems at 57,000 miles (91,700 km). [ 340]