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For instance, in Pythagorean tuning the diminished second is a descending interval (524288:531441, or about −23.5 cents), and the Pythagorean comma is its opposite (531441:524288, or about 23.5 cents). 5-limit tuning defines four kinds of comma, three of which meet the definition of diminished second, and hence are listed in the table below.
Many music theorists concur that the constituent intervals of a scale have a large role in the cognitive perception of its sonority, or tonal character. "The number of the notes that make up a scale as well as the quality of the intervals between successive notes of the scale help to give the music of a culture area its peculiar sound quality."
semitone. A semitone, also called a minor second, half step, or a half tone, [3] is the smallest musical interval commonly used in Western tonal music, [4] and it is considered the most dissonant [5] when sounded harmonically. It is defined as the interval between two adjacent notes in a 12-tone scale (or half of a whole step ), visually seen ...
Clock time and calendar time have duodecimal or sexagesimal orders of magnitude rather than decimal, e.g., a year is 12 months, and a minute is 60 seconds. The smallest meaningful increment of time is the Planck time―the time light takes to traverse the Planck distance, many decimal orders of magnitude smaller than a second. [1]
In music, an interval ratio is a ratio of the frequencies of the pitches in a musical interval. For example, a just perfect fifth (for example C to G) is 3:2 ( Play ⓘ ), 1.5, and may be approximated by an equal tempered perfect fifth ( Play ⓘ) which is 2 7/12 (about 1.498). If the A above middle C is 440 Hz, the perfect fifth above it would ...
[citation needed] It is common in many different musical systems, including Arabic music, Turkish music and music of the Balkans, among others. It occurs in both diatonic and pentatonic scales. Listen to a major second in equal temperament ⓘ. Here, middle C is followed by D, which is a tone 200 cents sharper than C, and then by both tones ...
Western music defines pitches around a central reference "concert pitch" of A 4, currently standardized as 440 Hz. Notes played in tune with the 12 equal temperament system will be an integer number h {\displaystyle h} of half-steps above (positive h {\displaystyle h} ) or below (negative h {\displaystyle h} ) that reference note, and thus have ...
t. e. In music, a half note (American) or minim (British) is a note played for half the duration of a whole note (or semibreve) and twice the duration of a quarter note (or crotchet). It was given its Latin name ( minima, meaning "least or smallest") because it was the shortest of the five note values used in early medieval music notation. [ 1]