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t. e. Psephology ( ⫽ sɪˈfɒlədʒi ⫽; from Greek ψῆφος, psephos, 'pebble') is the study of elections and voting. [1] Psephology attempts to both forecast and explain election results . Psephology uses historical precinct voting data, public opinion polls, campaign finance information and similar statistical data.
e. Political psychology is an interdisciplinary academic field, dedicated to understanding politics, politicians and political behavior from a psychological perspective, and psychological processes using socio-political perspectives. [1] The relationship between politics and psychology is considered bidirectional, with psychology being used as ...
First-preference plurality ( FPP )—often shortened simply to plurality —is a single-winner system of positional voting where voters mark one candidate as their favorite, and the candidate with the largest number of points (a plurality of points) is elected. It is also called first-past-the-post ( FPTP ), based on a metaphor from horse racing.
Politics. A parliamentary system, or parliamentary democracy, is a system of democratic government where the head of government (who may also be the head of state) derives their democratic legitimacy from their ability to command the support ("confidence") of the legislature, typically a parliament, to which they are accountable.
Political realignment. A political realignment, often called a critical election, critical realignment, or realigning election, in the academic fields of political science and political history, is a set of sharp changes in party ideology, issues, party leaders, regional and demographic bases of power of political parties, and the structure or ...
Politics. Politics (from Ancient Greek πολιτικά (politiká) 'affairs of the cities') is the set of activities that are associated with making decisions in groups, or other forms of power relations among individuals, such as the distribution of resources or status. The branch of social science that studies politics and government is ...
For the social psychology concept, see Group polarization. Political polarization (spelled polarisation in British English, African and Caribbean English, and New Zealand English) is the divergence of political attitudes away from the center, towards ideological extremes. [1] [2] [3] Scholars distinguish between ideological polarization ...
In some elections, the natural threshold may be higher than the legal threshold. In Spain, the legal threshold is 3 percent of valid votes—which included blank ballots—with most constituencies having less than 10 deputies, including Soria with only two. Another example of this effect are elections to the European Parliament.