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Rotary table (#20) rotates, along with its constituent parts, the kelly and kelly bushing, the drill string and the attached tools and bit. Shale shaker (#2) separates drill cuttings from the drilling fluid before it is pumped back down the wellbore. Stand (#16) is a section of 2 or 3 joints of drill pipe connected and stood upright in the ...
A shell-and-tube heat exchanger is a class of heat exchanger designs. [ 1][ 2] It is the most common type of heat exchanger in oil refineries and other large chemical processes, and is suited for higher-pressure applications. As its name implies, this type of heat exchanger consists of a shell (a large pressure vessel) with a bundle of tubes ...
A process flow diagram ( PFD) is a diagram commonly used in chemical and process engineering to indicate the general flow of plant processes and equipment. The PFD displays the relationship between major equipment of a plant facility and does not show minor details such as piping details and designations. Another commonly used term for a PFD is ...
s. -process. The slow neutron-capture process, or s-process, is a series of reactions in nuclear astrophysics that occur in stars, particularly asymptotic giant branch stars. The s -process is responsible for the creation ( nucleosynthesis) of approximately half the atomic nuclei heavier than iron . In the s -process, a seed nucleus undergoes ...
Completion (oil and gas wells) Well completion is the process of making a well ready for production (or injection) after drilling operations. This principally involves preparing the bottom of the hole to the required specifications, running in the production tubing and its associated down hole tools as well as perforating and stimulating as ...
A piping and instrumentation diagram (P&ID) is defined as follows: A diagram which shows the interconnection of process equipment and the instrumentation used to control the process. In the process industry, a standard set of symbols is used to prepare drawings of processes. The instrument symbols used in these drawings are generally based on ...
An enthalpy–entropy chart, also known as the H–S chart or Mollier diagram, plots the total heat against entropy, [1] describing the enthalpy of a thermodynamic system. [2] A typical chart covers a pressure range of 0.01–1000 bar, and temperatures up to 800 degrees Celsius. [3] It shows enthalpy in terms of internal energy , pressure and ...
In molecular spectroscopy, a Jablonski diagram is a diagram that illustrates the electronic states and often the vibrational levels of a molecule, and also the transitions between them. The states are arranged vertically by energy and grouped horizontally by spin multiplicity. [ 1] Nonradiative transitions are indicated by squiggly arrows and ...