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  2. Certified Server Validation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Certified_Server_Validation

    CSV answers these questions as follows: to validate an SMTP session from an unknown sending SMTP client using CSV, the receiving SMTP server: Obtains the remote IP address of the TCP connection. Extracts the domain name from the HELO command sent by the SMTP client. Queries DNS to confirm the domain name is authorized for use by the IP .

  3. Email address - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Email_address

    An email address consists of two parts, a local-part (sometimes a user name, but not always) and a domain; if the domain is a domain name rather than an IP address then the SMTP client uses the domain name to look up the mail exchange IP address. The general format of an email address is local-part@domain, e.g. jsmith@[192.168.1.2], jsmith ...

  4. List of Internet top-level domains - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Internet_top-level...

    This list of Internet top-level domains (TLD) contains top-level domains, which are those domains in the DNS root zone of the Domain Name System of the Internet.A list of the top-level domains by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) is maintained at the Root Zone Database. [1]

  5. Email authentication - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Email_authentication

    The IP address of the sending MTA is guaranteed to be valid by the Transmission Control Protocol, as it establishes the connection by checking that the remote host is reachable. [9] The receiving mail server receives the HELO SMTP command soon after the connection is set up, and a Mail from: at the beginning of each message. Both of them can ...

  6. Sender Policy Framework - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sender_Policy_Framework

    Sender Policy Framework ( SPF) is an email authentication method which ensures the sending mail server is authorized to originate mail from the email sender's domain. [ 1][ 2] This authentication only applies to the email sender listed in the "envelope from" field during the initial SMTP connection. If the email is bounced, a message is sent to ...

  7. Server Name Indication - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Server_Name_Indication

    Server Name Indication ( SNI) is an extension to the Transport Layer Security (TLS) computer networking protocol by which a client indicates which hostname it is attempting to connect to at the start of the handshaking process. [ 1] The extension allows a server to present one of multiple possible certificates on the same IP address and TCP ...

  8. localhost - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Localhost

    localhost. In computer networking, localhost is a hostname that refers to the current computer used to access it. The name localhost is reserved for loopback purposes. [1] It is used to access the network services that are running on the host via the loopback network interface. Using the loopback interface bypasses any local network interface ...

  9. List of SMTP server return codes - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_SMTP_server_return...

    X.3.XXX Mail System Status. X.4.XXX Network and Routing Status. X.5.XXX Mail Delivery Protocol Status. X.6.XXX Message Content or Media Status. X.7.XXX Security or Policy Status. The meaning of the "detail" field depends on the class and the subject, and are listed in RFC 3463 and RFC 5248 . A server capable of replying with an Enhanced Status ...