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Price index. A price index ( plural: "price indices" or "price indexes") is a normalized average (typically a weighted average) of price relatives for a given class of goods or services in a given region, during a given interval of time. It is a statistic designed to help to compare how these price relatives, taken as a whole, differ between ...
In optics, the refractive index (or refraction index) of an optical medium is a dimensionless number that gives the indication of the light bending ability of that medium. Refraction of a light ray. The refractive index determines how much the path of light is bent, or refracted, when entering a material. This is described by Snell's law of ...
Price index numbers are usually defined either in terms of (actual or hypothetical) expenditures (expenditure = price * quantity) or as different weighted averages of price relatives ( ). These tell the relative change of the price in question. Two of the most commonly used price index formulae were defined by German economists and ...
An index number is an economic data figure reflecting price or quantity compared with a standard or base value. [ 5][ 6] The base usually equals 100 and the index number is usually expressed as 100 times the ratio to the base value. For example, if a commodity costs twice as much in 1970 as it did in 1960, its index number would be 200 relative ...
Index (statistics) In statistics and research design, an index is a composite statistic – a measure of changes in a representative group of individual data points, or in other words, a compound measure that aggregates multiple indicators. [ 1][ 2] Indexes – also known as composite indicators – summarize and rank specific observations. [ 2]
The h-index is defined as the maximum value of h such that the given author/journal has published at least h papers that have each been cited at least h times. [4] [5] The index is designed to improve upon simpler measures such as the total number of citations or publications.
A vector treated as an array of numbers by writing as a row vector or column vector (whichever is used depends on convenience or context): = (), = Index notation allows indication of the elements of the array by simply writing a i, where the index i is known to run from 1 to n, because of n-dimensions. [1]
Diversity index. A diversity index is a method of measuring how many different types (e.g. species) there are in a dataset (e.g. a community). Some more sophisticated indices also account for the phylogenetic relatedness among the types. [ 1]
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