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Indonesian ( Bahasa Indonesia; [baˈhasa indoˈnesija]) is the official and national language of Indonesia. [ 8] It is a standardized variety of Malay, [ 9] an Austronesian language that has been used as a lingua franca in the multilingual Indonesian archipelago for centuries.
Indonesian orthography. Indonesian orthography refers to the official spelling system used in the Indonesian language. The current system uses the Latin alphabet and is called Ejaan Bahasa Indonesia yang Disempurnakan (EYD), commonly translated as Enhanced Spelling, Perfected Spelling or Improved Spelling. [ 1][ 2][ 3][ 4]
The Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia ( KBBI ; lit. 'Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language') is the official dictionary of the Indonesian language compiled by Language Development and Fostering Agency and published by Balai Pustaka. This dictionary is the primary reference for the standard Indonesian language because it is the most complete ...
Colloquial Jakarta Indonesian. Indonesian slang vernacular ( Indonesian: bahasa gaul, Betawi: basa gaul ), or Jakarta colloquial speech ( Indonesian: bahasa informal, bahasa sehari-hari) is a term that subsumes various urban vernacular and non-standard styles of expression used throughout Indonesia that are not necessarily mutually intelligible.
Chinese Indonesians ( Indonesian: Orang Tionghoa Indonesia ), or simply Orang Tionghoa or Tionghoa, [7] are Indonesians whose ancestors arrived from China at some stage in the last eight centuries. Chinese Indonesians are the fourth largest community of Overseas Chinese in the world after Thailand, Malaysia, and the United States .
Ethnologue (2023) The following languages are listed as having 45 million or more total speakers in the 26th edition of Ethnologue published in 2023. [ 4] This section does not include entries that Ethnologue identifies as macrolanguages encompassing all their respective varieties, such as Arabic, Lahnda, Persian, Malay, Pashto, and Chinese .
The Republican Spelling System (in Indonesian: ejaan republik, when written in the current spelling system, or edjaan Republik, when written in this spelling system) or Soewandi Spelling (in Indonesian: ejaan Suwandi, when written in the current spelling system, or edjaan Suwandi, when written in this spelling system) was the orthography used for Indonesian from 17 March 1947 until 1972.
This article explains the phonology of Malay and Indonesian based on the pronunciation of Standard Malay, which is the official language of Brunei and Singapore, "Malaysian" of Malaysia, and Indonesian the official language of Indonesia and a working language in Timor Leste. There are two main standards for Malay pronunciation, the Johor-Riau ...