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  2. Confirmation bias - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confirmation_bias

    Confirmation bias (also confirmatory bias, myside bias, [ a] or congeniality bias[ 2]) is the tendency to search for, interpret, favor, and recall information in a way that confirms or supports one's prior beliefs or values. [ 3] People display this bias when they select information that supports their views, ignoring contrary information, or ...

  3. Opinion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opinion

    A "legal opinion" or "closing opinion" is a type of professional opinion, usually contained in a formal legal-opinion letter, given by an attorney to a client or a third party. Most legal opinions are given in connection with business transactions. The opinion expresses the attorney's professional judgment regarding the legal aspect of the ...

  4. List of fallacies - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_fallacies

    I'm entitled to my opinion – a person discredits any opposition by claiming that they are entitled to their opinion. Moralistic fallacy – inferring factual conclusions from evaluative premises, in violation of fact-value distinction; e.g. making statements about what is, on the basis of claims about what ought to be. This is the inverse of ...

  5. Fact–value distinction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fact–value_distinction

    The fact–value distinction is a fundamental epistemological distinction described between: [ 1] Statements of fact ( positive or descriptive statements ), which are based upon reason and observation, and examined via the empirical method. Statements of value ( normative or prescriptive statements ), which encompass ethics and aesthetics, and ...

  6. Logical reasoning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logical_reasoning

    Logical reasoning is concerned with the correctness of arguments. A key distinction is between deductive and non-deductive arguments. Logical reasoning is a mental activity that aims to arrive at a conclusion in a rigorous way. It happens in the form of inferences or arguments by starting from a set of premises and reasoning to a conclusion ...

  7. Argumentum ad populum - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argumentum_ad_populum

    Description. Argumentum ad populum is a type of informal fallacy, [ 1][ 14] specifically a fallacy of relevance, [ 15][ 16] and is similar to an argument from authority ( argumentum ad verecundiam ). [ 14][ 4][ 9] It uses an appeal to the beliefs, tastes, or values of a group of people, [ 12] stating that because a certain opinion or attitude ...

  8. Fact - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fact

    A fact is a true datum about one or more aspects of a circumstance. [ 1] Standard reference works are often used to check facts. Scientific facts are verified by repeatable careful observation or measurement by experiments or other means. For example, "This sentence contains words." accurately describes a linguistic fact, and "The sun is a star ...

  9. Sentiment analysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sentiment_analysis

    Sentiment analysis (also known as opinion mining or emotion AI) is the use of natural language processing, text analysis, computational linguistics, and biometrics to systematically identify, extract, quantify, and study affective states and subjective information. Sentiment analysis is widely applied to voice of the customer materials such as ...