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The original French and Raven (1959) model included five bases of power – reward, coercion, legitimate, expert, and referent – however, informational power was added by Raven in 1965, bringing the total to six. [ 5] Since then, the model has gone through very significant developments: coercion and reward can have personal as well as ...
Implicit leadership theory ( ILT) is a cognitive theory of leadership developed by Robert Lord and colleagues. [ 1] It is based on the idea that individuals create cognitive representations of the world, and use these preconceived notions to interpret their surroundings and control their behaviors. [ 2] ILT suggests that group members have ...
Managerial psychology is a sub-discipline of industrial and organizational psychology that focuses on the effectiveness of individuals and groups in the workplace, using behavioral science. The purpose of managerial psychology is to aid managers in gaining a better managerial and personal understanding of the psychological patterns common among ...
Leadership, both as a research area and as a practical skill, encompasses the ability of an individual, group, or organization to "lead", influence, or guide other individuals, teams, or entire organizations . "Leadership" is a contested term. [ 1]
Servant leadership. Servant leadership is a leadership philosophy in which the goal of the leader is to serve. This is different from traditional leadership where the leader's main focus is the thriving of their company or organization. A servant leader shares power, puts the needs of the employees first and helps people develop and perform as ...
Transformational leadership is a theory of leadership where a leader works with teams or followers beyond their immediate self-interests to identify needed change, creating a vision to guide the change through influence, inspiration, and executing the change in tandem with committed members of a group; This change in self-interests elevates the follower's levels of maturity and ideals, as well ...
Need for power. Need for power ( nPow) is a term that was popularized by renowned psychologist David McClelland in 1961. McClelland's thinking was influenced by the pioneering work of Henry Murray, who first identified underlying psychological human needs and motivational processes (1938). It was Murray who set out a taxonomy of needs ...
Workplace politics. Workplace politics involves processes and behaviors in human interactions that include power and authority. [1] [better source needed] It serves as a tool to assess operational capacity and balance diverse views of interested parties. [citation needed] Also known as office politics and organizational politics, it involves ...