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Thiamine, also known as thiamin and vitamin B 1, is a vitamin, an essential micronutrient for humans and animals. [3] [4] It is found in food and commercially synthesized to be a dietary supplement or medication. [1] [5] Phosphorylated forms of thiamine are required for some metabolic reactions, including the breakdown of glucose and amino ...
B vitamins are a class of water-soluble vitamins that play important roles in cell metabolism and synthesis of red blood cells. [ 1][ 2] They are a chemically diverse class of compounds. [ 1] Dietary supplements containing all eight are referred to as a vitamin B complex. Individual B vitamins are referred to by B-number or by chemical name ...
Benfotiamine. Benfotiamine ( rINN, or S-benzoylthiamine O-monophosphate) is a synthetic, fat-soluble, S -acyl derivative of thiamine (vitamin B1) that is approved in some countries as a medication or dietary supplement to treat diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy. Benfotiamine was developed in late 1950s in Japan. [ 1][ 2]
Biotin is a water-soluble B vitamin. Consumption of large amounts as a dietary supplement results in absorption, followed by excretion into urine as biotin. Consumption of biotin as part of a normal diet results in urinary excretion of biotin and biotin metabolites.
Sulfites or sulphites are compounds that contain the sulfite ion (or the sulfate (IV) ion, from its correct systematic name), SO2−. 3. The sulfite ion is the conjugate base of bisulfite. Although its acid ( sulfurous acid) is elusive, [ 1] its salts are widely used. Sulfites are substances that naturally occur in some foods and the human body.
Riboflavin, also known as vitamin B2, is a vitamin found in food and sold as a dietary supplement. [ 3] It is essential to the formation of two major coenzymes, flavin mononucleotide and flavin adenine dinucleotide. These coenzymes are involved in energy metabolism, cellular respiration, and antibody production, as well as normal growth and ...
Definition. Phytochemicals are chemicals of plant origin. [ 1] Phytochemicals (from Greek phyto, meaning "plant") are chemicals produced by plants through primary or secondary metabolism. [ 2][ 3] They generally have biological activity in the plant host and play a role in plant growth or defense against competitors, pathogens, or predators.
Pantothenic acid ( vitamin B5) is a B vitamin and an essential nutrient. [ 6] All animals need pantothenic acid in order to synthesize coenzyme A (CoA), which is essential for cellular energy production and for the synthesis and degradation of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats. [ 6][ 7] Pantothenic acid is the combination of pantoic acid and β ...