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B vitamins are a class of water-soluble vitamins that play important roles in cell metabolism and synthesis of red blood cells. [ 1][ 2] They are a chemically diverse class of compounds. [ 1] Dietary supplements containing all eight are referred to as a vitamin B complex. Individual B vitamins are referred to by B-number or by chemical name ...
Thiamine, also known as thiamin and vitamin B 1, is a vitamin, an essential micronutrient for humans and animals. [3] [4] It is found in food and commercially synthesized to be a dietary supplement or medication. [1] [5] Phosphorylated forms of thiamine are required for some metabolic reactions, including the breakdown of glucose and amino ...
Pantothenic acid ( vitamin B5) is a B vitamin and an essential nutrient. [ 6] All animals need pantothenic acid in order to synthesize coenzyme A (CoA), which is essential for cellular energy production and for the synthesis and degradation of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats. [ 6][ 7] Pantothenic acid is the combination of pantoic acid and β ...
Thiamine pyrophosphate ( TPP or ThPP ), or thiamine diphosphate ( ThDP ), or cocarboxylase[ 1] is a thiamine (vitamin B 1) derivative which is produced by the enzyme thiamine diphosphokinase. Thiamine pyrophosphate is a cofactor that is present in all living systems, in which it catalyzes several biochemical reactions.
Chemistry. Glucosinolates constitute a natural class of organic compounds that contain sulfur and nitrogen and are derived from glucose and an amino acid. They are water- soluble anions and belong to the glucosides. Every glucosinolate contains a central carbon atom, which is bound to the sulfur atom of the thioglucose group, and via a nitrogen ...
Casimir Funk ( Polish: [kaˈʑimjɛʂ ˈfuŋk] Kazimierz Funk; February 23, 1884 – November 19, 1967) was a Polish biochemist generally credited with being among the first to formulate the concept of vitamins after publishing a landmark medical writing in 1912. He highlighted these "vital amines " (or "vitamines") as critical in fighting ...
Definition. Phytochemicals are chemicals of plant origin. [ 1] Phytochemicals (from Greek phyto, meaning "plant") are chemicals produced by plants through primary or secondary metabolism. [ 2][ 3] They generally have biological activity in the plant host and play a role in plant growth or defense against competitors, pathogens, or predators.
Flavins (from Latin flavus, "yellow") refers generally to the class of organic compounds containing the tricyclic heterocycle isoalloxazine or its isomer alloxazine, and derivatives thereof. The biochemical source of flavin is the yellow B vitamin riboflavin. The flavin moiety is often attached with an adenosine diphosphate to form flavin ...