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American mahjong. American mahjong, also spelled mah jongg, is a variant of the Chinese game mahjong. American mahjong utilizes racks to hold each player's tiles, jokers, and "Hands and Rules" score cards. It has several distinct gameplay mechanics such as "The Charleston", [ 1] which is a set of required passes, and optional passing of the tiles.
Standardization came with the formation of the National Mah Jongg League (NMJL) in 1937, along with the first American Mahjong rulebook, Maajh: The American Version of the Ancient Chinese Game, written by NMJL's first president and co-founder, Viola L. Cecil. [40] In 1999, a second organization was formed, the American Mah Jongg Association.
This system is used by the two major governing bodies of Mahjong in the United States, the National Mah Jongg League and the American Mah-Jongg Association, with new cards that define the valid winning hands released annually. Typically, each card contains scoring criteria that make references to the year the scoring cards are released.
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And how it became one of the most beloved games in the world
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Hoping to revitalize the game, a group of Jewish women from New York established the national Mah-Jongg League. By the mid-20th century, after World War II, Mahjong games became lodged in many Jewish-American families, offering a space for socializing, networking, and entertainment.