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Fearmongering is routinely used in psychological warfare for the purpose of influencing a target population. The tactics often involves defamation of an enemy by means of smear campaigns. False flag attacks have been used as a pretext for starting a war in many cases, including the Gulf of Tonkin incident, the Shelling of Mainila, and Operation ...
A review of more than 200 get-out-the-vote experiments finds that the most effective tactics are personal: Door-to-door canvassing increases turnout by an average of about 2.5 percentage points; volunteer phone calls raise it by about 1.9 points, compared to 1.0 points for calls from commercial phone banks; automated phone messages are ineffective.
Negative campaigning is the process of deliberately spreading negative information about someone or something to worsen the public image of the described. A colloquial, and somewhat more derogatory, term for the practice is mudslinging . Deliberate spreading of such information can be motivated either by honest desire of the campaigner to warn ...
Political action committee. In the United States, a political action committee ( PAC) is a tax-exempt 527 organization that pools campaign contributions from members and donates those funds to campaigns for or against candidates, ballot initiatives, or legislation. [ 1][ 2] The legal term PAC was created in pursuit of campaign finance reform in ...
Information Operations is a category of direct and indirect support operations for the United States Military. By definition in Joint Publication 3-13, "IO are described as the integrated employment of electronic warfare (EW), computer network operations (CNO), psychological operations (PSYOP), military deception (MILDEC), and operations security (OPSEC), in concert with specified supporting ...
Disinformation is false information deliberately spread to deceive people. [ 1][ 2][ 3] Disinformation is an orchestrated adversarial activity in which actors employ strategic deceptions and media manipulation tactics to advance political, military, or commercial goals. [ 4]
A smear campaign, also referred to as a smear tactic or simply a smear, is an effort to damage or call into question someone's reputation, by propounding negative propaganda. [ 1] It makes use of discrediting tactics. It can be applied to individuals or groups. Common targets are public officials, politicians, political candidates, activists ...
1916. "America First and America Efficient" – Charles Evans Hughes. "He has kept us out of war." – Woodrow Wilson 1916 U.S. presidential campaign slogan. "He proved the pen mightier than the sword." – Woodrow Wilson 1916 U.S. presidential campaign slogan. "War in the East, Peace in the West, Thank God for Woodrow Wilson."