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Behavioral neuroscience as a scientific discipline emerged from a variety of scientific and philosophical traditions in the 18th and 19th centuries. René Descartes proposed physical models to explain animal as well as human behavior. Descartes suggested that the pineal gland, a midline unpaired structure in the brain of many organisms, was the ...
Biopsychosocial model. Biopsychosocial models are a class of trans-disciplinary models which look at the interconnection between biology, psychology, and socio - environmental factors. These models specifically examine how these aspects play a role in a range of topics but mainly psychiatry, health and human development.
Health psychology is the study of psychological and behavioral processes in health, illness, and healthcare. [1] The discipline is concerned with understanding how psychological, behavioral, and cultural factors contribute to physical health and illness. Psychological factors can affect health directly.
Positive psychology influenced psychiatry and led to more widespread promotion of practices including well-being therapy, positive psychotherapy, and an integration of positive psychology in therapeutic practice. [112] Benefits of positive influences can be seen in practices like positive psychological interventions (PPIs). It is an ...
Motivation is relevant in many fields and affects educational success, work performance, consumer behavior, and athletic success. Motivation is an internal state that propels individuals to engage in goal -directed behavior. It is often understood as a force that explains why people or animals initiate, continue, or terminate a certain behavior ...
Behaviorism is a systematic approach to understand the behavior of humans and other animals. [1] [2] It assumes that behavior is either a reflex elicited by the pairing of certain antecedent stimuli in the environment, or a consequence of that individual's history, including especially reinforcement and punishment contingencies, together with the individual's current motivational state and ...
Biology and consumer behaviour. Consumer behaviour is the study of the motivations surrounding a purchase of a product or service. It has been linked to the field of psychology, [ 1] sociology [ 2] and economics [ 3] in attempts to analyse when, why, where and how people purchase in the way that they do.
Health promotion is aligned with health equity and can be a focus of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) dedicated to social justice or human rights. Health literacy can be developed in schools, while aspects of health promotion such as breastfeeding promotion can depend on laws and rules of public spaces.