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In microbiology, in vivo is often used to refer to experimentation done in a whole organism, rather than in live isolated cells, for example, cultured cells derived from biopsies. In this situation, the more specific term is ex vivo. Once cells are disrupted and individual parts are tested or analyzed, this is known as in vitro. [citation needed]
Definition. In vitro ( Latin for "in glass"; often not italicized in English usage [ 3][ 4][ 5]) studies are conducted using components of an organism that have been isolated from their usual biological surroundings, such as microorganisms, cells, or biological molecules. For example, microorganisms or cells can be studied in artificial culture ...
A bioassay is an analytical method to determine the potency or effect of a substance by its effect on living animals or plants ( in vivo ), or on living cells or tissues ( in vitro ). [ 1][ 2] A bioassay can be either quantal or quantitative, direct or indirect. [ 3] If the measured response is binary, the assay is quantal; if not, it is ...
Ex vivo brainstem: (A) coronal view displaying the anterior portion of the tissue sample, (B) sagittal view displaying the left-hand side of the tissue sample [ 1] Ex vivo ( Latin: "out of the living") literally means that which takes place outside an organism. [ 2] In science, ex vivo refers to experimentation or measurements done in or on ...
A protein is a polyamide. Secondary structure: regularly repeating local structures stabilized by hydrogen bonds. The most common examples are the α-helix, β-sheet and turns. Because secondary structures are local, many regions of different secondary structure can be present in the same protein molecule.
Immortalised cell lines are widely used as a simple model for more complex biological systems – for example, for the analysis of the biochemistry and cell biology of mammalian (including human) cells. [2] The main advantage of using an immortal cell line for research is its immortality; the cells can be grown indefinitely in culture.
Organoid. Intestinal organoid grown from Lgr5+ stem cells. An organoid is a miniaturised and simplified version of an organ produced in vitro in three dimensions that mimics the key functional, structural, and biological complexity of that organ. [ 1] It is derived from one or a few cells from a tissue, embryonic stem cells, or induced ...
This glossary of biology terms is a list of definitions of fundamental terms and concepts used in biology, the study of life and of living organisms.It is intended as introductory material for novices; for more specific and technical definitions from sub-disciplines and related fields, see Glossary of cell biology, Glossary of genetics, Glossary of evolutionary biology, Glossary of ecology ...