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In microbiology, in vivo is often used to refer to experimentation done in a whole organism, rather than in live isolated cells, for example, cultured cells derived from biopsies. In this situation, the more specific term is ex vivo. Once cells are disrupted and individual parts are tested or analyzed, this is known as in vitro. [citation needed]
Behavioral neuroscience, also known as biological psychology, [1] biopsychology, or psychobiology, [2] is the application of the principles of biology to the study of physiological, genetic, and developmental mechanisms of behavior in humans and other animals.
Systems neuroscience is a subdiscipline of neuroscience and systems biology that studies the structure and function of neural circuits and systems. Systems neuroscience encompasses a number of areas of study concerned with how nerve cells behave when connected together to form neural pathways, neural circuits, and larger brain networks.
Cognitive biology. Cognitive biology is an emerging science that regards natural cognition as a biological function. [ 1] It is based on the theoretical assumption that every organism —whether a single cell or multicellular —is continually engaged in systematic acts of cognition coupled with intentional behaviors, i.e., a sensory-motor ...
Animal testing, also known as animal experimentation, animal research, and in vivo testing, is the use of non-human animals, such as model organisms, in experiments that seek to control the variables that affect the behavior or biological system under study. This approach can be contrasted with field studies in which animals are observed in ...
Ex vivo brainstem: (A) coronal view displaying the anterior portion of the tissue sample, (B) sagittal view displaying the left-hand side of the tissue sample [ 1] Ex vivo ( Latin: "out of the living") literally means that which takes place outside an organism. [ 2] In science, ex vivo refers to experimentation or measurements done in or on ...
Physiological psychology. Physiological psychology is a subdivision of behavioral neuroscience (biological psychology) that studies the neural mechanisms of perception and behavior through direct manipulation of the brains of nonhuman animal subjects in controlled experiments. [ 1][page needed] This field of psychology takes an empirical and ...
A psychological adaptation seen universally in humans is to easily learn a fear of snakes. [ 1] A psychological adaptation is a functional, cognitive or behavioral trait that benefits an organism in its environment. Psychological adaptations fall under the scope of evolved psychological mechanisms (EPMs), [ 2] however, EPMs refer to a less ...