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DNA profiling (also called DNA fingerprinting and genetic fingerprinting) is the process of determining an individual's deoxyribonucleic acid ( DNA) characteristics. DNA analysis intended to identify a species, rather than an individual, is called DNA barcoding .
DNA repairis a collection of processes by which a cellidentifies and corrects damage to the DNAmolecules that encode its genome.[1] In human cells, both normal metabolicactivities and environmental factors such as radiationcan cause DNA damage, resulting in tens of thousands of individual molecular lesionsper cell per day.[2] Many of these lesions cause structural damage to the DNA molecule ...
CRISPR ( / ˈkrɪspər /) (an acronym for c lustered r egularly i nterspaced s hort p alindromic r epeats) is a family of DNA sequences found in the genomes of prokaryotic organisms such as bacteria and archaea. [2] These sequences are derived from DNA fragments of bacteriophages that had previously infected the prokaryote. They are used to detect and destroy DNA from similar bacteriophages ...
Whole genome sequencing ( WGS ), also known as full genome sequencing, complete genome sequencing, or entire genome sequencing, is the process of determining the entirety, or nearly the entirety, of the DNA sequence of an organism's genome at a single time. [2] This entails sequencing all of an organism's chromosomal DNA as well as DNA contained in the mitochondria and, for plants, in the ...
The polymerase chain reaction ( PCR) is a method widely used to make millions to billions of copies of a specific DNA sample rapidly, allowing scientists to amplify a very small sample of DNA (or a part of it) sufficiently to enable detailed study. PCR was invented in 1983 by American biochemist Kary Mullis at Cetus Corporation. Mullis and biochemist Michael Smith, who had developed other ...
A transposase is any of a class of enzymes capable of binding to the end of a transposon and catalysing its movement to another part of a genome, typically by a cut-and-paste mechanism or a replicative mechanism, in a process known as transposition. The word "transposase" was first coined by the individuals who cloned the enzyme required for ...
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