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An order-of-magnitude estimate of a variable, whose precise value is unknown, is an estimate rounded to the nearest power of ten. For example, an order-of-magnitude estimate for a variable between about 3 billion and 30 billion (such as the human population of the Earth) is 10 billion. To round a number to its nearest order of magnitude, one ...
Power of 10. Visualisation of powers of 10 from one to 1 trillion. A power of 10 is any of the integer powers of the number ten; in other words, ten multiplied by itself a certain number of times (when the power is a positive integer). By definition, the number one is a power (the zeroth power) of ten. The first few non-negative powers of ten are:
For example, 10 3 = 1000 and 10 −4 = 0.0001. Exponentiation with base 10 is used in scientific notation to denote large or small numbers. For instance, 299 792 458 m/s (the speed of light in vacuum, in metres per second) can be written as 2.997 924 58 × 10 8 m/s and then approximated as 2.998 × 10 8 m/s.
The nanometre ( SI symbol: nm) is a unit of length in the metric system equal to 10−9 metres ( 1 1 000 000 000 m = 0.000 000 001 m ). To help compare different orders of magnitude, this section lists lengths between 10 −9 and 10 −8 m (1 nm and 10 nm). 1 nm – diameter of a carbon nanotube.
In scientific notation, nonzero numbers are written in the form. m × 10 n. or m times ten raised to the power of n, where n is an integer, and the coefficient m is a nonzero real number (usually between 1 and 10 in absolute value, and nearly always written as a terminating decimal ). The integer n is called the exponent and the real number m ...
10 9 seconds (1 gigasecond) equal 11,574 days, 1 hour, 46 minutes and 40 seconds (approximately 31.7 years, or 31 years, 8 months, 8 days). About 10 9 minutes ago, the Roman Empire was flourishing and Christianity was emerging. (10 9 minutes is roughly 1,901 years.)
1/52! chance of a specific shuffle Mathematics: The chances of shuffling a standard 52-card deck in any specific order is around 1.24 × 10 −68 (or exactly 1 ⁄ 52!) [4] Computing: The number 1.4 × 10 −45 is approximately equal to the smallest positive non-zero value that can be represented by a single-precision IEEE floating-point value.
For example, a 5.0 earthquake releases 32 times (10 1.5) and a 6.0 releases 1000 times (10 3) the energy of a 4.0. [61] Apparent magnitude measures the brightness of stars logarithmically. [62] In chemistry the negative of the decimal logarithm, the decimal cologarithm, is indicated by the letter p. [63]