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Mars has an orbit with a semimajor axis of 1.524 astronomical units (228 million km) (12.673 light minutes), and an eccentricity of 0.0934. [1] [2] The planet orbits the Sun in 687 days [3] and travels 9.55 AU in doing so, [4] making the average orbital speed 24 km/s. The eccentricity is greater than that of every other planet except Mercury ...
Mars 2, Mars 3 and Mariner 9 were all launched into space in May 1971, and all entered Mars’ orbit that same year. NASA's Mariner 9 reached the planet's orbit first on November 14, narrowly beating the Soviet's spacecraft amid the space race, and subsequently became the first spacecraft to orbit another planet. [1]
It is known that in the past, Mars has had a much more circular orbit. At one point, 1.35 million Earth years ago, Mars had an eccentricity of roughly 0.002, much less than that of Earth today. [187] Mars's cycle of eccentricity is 96,000 Earth years compared to Earth's cycle of 100,000 years. [188]
Phobos(/ˈfoʊbəs/; systematic designation: Mars I) is the innermost and larger of the two natural satellites of Mars,[10]the other being Deimos. The two moons were discovered in 1877 by American astronomer Asaph Hall. It is named after Phobos, the Greek godof fear and panic, who is the son of Ares(Mars) and twin brother of Deimos.
Despite its 30-hour orbit, it takes 2.7 days to set in the west as it slowly falls behind the rotation of Mars. Both moons are tidally locked, always presenting the same face towards Mars. Since Phobos orbits Mars faster than the planet itself rotates, tidal forces are slowly but steadily decreasing its orbital radius.
Theia (planet) Theia ( / ˈθiːə /) is a hypothesized ancient planet in the early Solar System which, according to the giant-impact hypothesis, collided with the early Earth around 4.5 billion years ago, with some of the resulting ejected debris coalescing to form the Moon. [ 1][ 2] Collision simulations support the idea that the large low ...
Satellites of Mars. The satellites of Mars include : Non functional but (probably) orbiting: Viking 1 & 2 orbiter. Mariner 9. Mars Global Surveyor. Mars 2, 3, 5. Phobos 2. Tianwen 1 Deployable Camera 2, CNSA, 2021.
The ecliptic is the apparent path of the Sun throughout the course of a year. [4] Because Earth takes one year to orbit the Sun, the apparent position of the Sun takes one year to make a complete circuit of the ecliptic. With slightly more than 365 days in one year, the Sun moves a little less than 1° eastward [5] every day.